A Modest Proposal Essay -- essays research papers

Have You Eaten Yet? Swifts Final Solution&9As a lately favored eighteenth century essay, Jonathan Swifts "Proposal" has been canonized as a satirical model of wit. As will be discussed shortly, Swifts essay is often seen as an solelyegory for Englands oppression of Ireland. Swift, himself and Irishman (Tucker 142), would seem to have pointed his razor wit against the foreign nation trusty for his citys ruin. Wearing the lens of a New Historicist, however, requires that we reexamine the power structures at officiate in Swifts society. We must dig out into non only Swifts "Proposal," but also into other of his correspondence, and even into discourse of the epoch in order to gain a thickheaded description of the many levels of understanding present in Swifts "Proposal." &9As a model of rhetorical discourse, Jonathan Swifts "A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and for Making them Beneficial to the Public" is unique among the plethora of pamphlets which circulated Ireland in the early eighteenth century. However, it is imprudent to think of the work as having emerged purely isolated from the pressures of the society in which Swift wrote. While propositions such as "A Modest Proposal for the More Certain and yet More Easie Provision for the Poor, and Likewise for the Better Suppression of TheivesTending Much to the Advancement of Trade, Especially in the most Profitable Part of It," (Author Unknown, Cited in Rawson 189) were commonly circulated in order to postulate solutions to the crises of the day, Jonathan Swifts "Proposal" has been read as a scoff of this sort of pamphlet (Rawson 189). There can be no solid support for such a thesis, and it would be wrong to infer that what is at work in Swifts "Proposal" in any important sense is a burlesque on project concerning the poor or on the titles of certain types of econo mic tracts. The mimicry of these things which Swift employs is but seasoning, and not the main point. Likewise, to suggest that Swift was radically attacking the notion of economic planning of homo affairs, or even that his attitude on certain central questions was humane or liberal is misleading. The majority of interp... ...ocaust becomes a close analogue to the "proposal," since the problem, whose formulation and truly existence might elsewhere seem preposterous, underwent a Final Solution with hideous efficiency. This comparison reinforces the point that the "proposal" is not a sheer fantasy, nor a sardonically frivolous gesture of despair. With a New Historic lens, we must examine the interplay of interpretations of the history we have been taught. As Tyson puts it, "had the Nazis won World War II, we would all be reading a very different account of the war." (Tyson 282) We cannot be satisfied with any interpretation of history which relies on subject ive information. &9It is not surprising that the targets of Swifts satire cannot be, and are not meant to be, clearly distinguished from one another, nor that Swifts allegiances between the English, the Anglo-Irish, and the natives are blurred and move things. These confusions provide essential energies of Swifts style. The "Modest Proposal" clearly is an embodiment of the complexities and contradictions of the English-Irish relationship in the eighteenth century.

The Coquette Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hannah Webster Foster

The teaser, written by Hannah Webster Foster in 1797, chronicles the life of an affluent woman in the 18th century. There atomic number 18 a few themes that are presented throughout the whole novel correspondence, sexual freedom, and ideal womanhood. Elizabeth Whitman has been an icon of American history since the 19th century because of her bravery and contempt for the caged position of women in society. It is state that the tombstone of Elizabeth Whitman is a popular tourist attraction her grave was a popular destination for New England travelers, who beat paths to the far corner of Danverss superannuated South Cemetery through the entire nineteenth century. (Waterman)The Coquette was loosely based on the story of Elizabeth Whitman, born in 1752 and dead in 1788. Women were typically not objects of novels because women were not deemed important by society, therefore it is surprising when a novel about a woman becomes very popular among the general public. The Coquette was adver tised as a dime novel in the late 17 and early 1800s but come the turn of the 21st century, it is one of the nigh popular novels about womens liberation and sexual freedom. Since The Coquette is based on true events, there must be a primary or credible secondary source in this case, the epistolary novel was compiled using themes from the original letter written by Elizabeth Whitman. There were only 15 letters that remain of the correspondence between Elizabeth Whitman and Joel Barlow that exist in the Baldwin Family Papers. (Waterman) In her novel The Romance of the Association, Caroline Wells Healy Dall had to personally contact the Baldwin family in order to examine the original letters. This is why correspondence is so important in novels of this time period. ... ...est stick since she lost her life and her reputation, the two most important things to her. However I would argue that the punishments were the same, Sanford lost the two most important things to him as well, Eliza and his money. Depending on ones view point, it may be better to die than to become without the love of your life. Works CitedCastiglione, Balclesar. The Book of the Coutier . Castiglione, Balclesar. The Third Book. London Norton & Company, 1523. 147-187.Elizabeth Whitman Grave. Peabody, n.d. Photograph.Foster, Hanna Webster. The Coquette. Oxford University Press, 1797. ebook.Waterman, Bryan. Coquetry and Correspondence in Revolutionary-Era Reading Elizabeth Whitmans Letters. Early American Literature (2011) 541-563.Wenska Jr., Walter P. The Coquette AND THE American DREAM OF FREEDOM. Early American Literature (1977) 243-256.

Is There a Criminal Brain? Essay -- Biology Biological Essays

Is There a vicious Brain? It is very rare these days to turn on the news program and non hear about a crime or a murder. Crime is a common occurrence yet many times it is heavy to see how someone could bring themselves to do these things. It does seem to make any sense why a young handsome man from a intelligent family would loss to kill someone and then be able to go through with it. This leads one to wonder if the brains of people who be hand in socially unsatisfactory ship canal are different from everyone elses brains. There is a substantial amount of evidence that suggests some criminals do have differences in their brains that most likely give way to their behavior. many an(prenominal) of these individuals have Antisocial reputation inconvenience and some are considered sociopaths. Everyones brain is made up slightly differently, which is good because it provides individual variation. These biological differences shtup greatly influence how the individual be haves. For example, the frog brain and the human being brain look very different structurally and the behaviors exhibited by a frog and a human are very different. Differences in brain structure are not limited to different species, there can be differences within the uniform species. Wildcats and municipal cats are a good example of this. The visual system of the wild cat and the domestic cat differ in substantial ways. national cats have fewer ganglion cells in the retina and have a smaller lateral geniculate nucleus, which is a part of the thalamus (9). In addition, they have fewer total neurons gnarly in the visual system of the brain, however the sizes of neurons do not change between the wild and domestic cats (9). It may be possible to explain these changes by facial expression at domesticati... ...http//abcnews.go.com/sections/living/DailyNews/antisocials000214.html2)What Lurks Within Murderous Minds?http//www.edu-cyberpg.com/Teachers/discipline.html3)Neural Roots of M urderhttp//www.academicpress.com/inscight/09151997/graphb.htm4)Crime & Nourishmenthttp//mhnet.org/perspectives/articles/art03964.htm5)Prenatal Smoking Linked to Conduct Disorder in Boyshttp//www.cqs.com/smokaspd.htm 6)Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder A Case of Diagnostic Confusionhttp//www.mhsource.com/pt/p960239.jhtml?_requestid=4546307)The Psychopaths Brain Tormented Souls, Diseased Brainshttp//www.epub.org.br/cm/n07/doencas/disease_i.htm8)Functional Families, Dysfunctional Brainshttp//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980410101830.htm9)Different Brains, Different Behaviors http//serendip.brynmawr.edu/pkinser/bb/ Is There a Criminal Brain? Essay -- Biology Biological EssaysIs There a Criminal Brain? It is very rare these days to turn on the news and not hear about a crime or a murder. Crime is a common occurrence yet many times it is difficult to understand how someone could bring themselves to do these things. It does seem to make any sense why a young handsome man from a good family would want to kill someone and then be able to go through with it. This leads one to wonder if the brains of people who behave in socially unacceptable ways are different from everyone elses brains. There is a substantial amount of evidence that suggests some criminals do have differences in their brains that most likely contribute to their behavior. Many of these individuals have Antisocial Personality Disorder and some are considered sociopaths. Everyones brain is made up slightly differently, which is good because it provides individual variation. These biological differences can greatly influence how the individual behaves. For example, the frog brain and the human brain look very different structurally and the behaviors exhibited by a frog and a human are very different. Differences in brain structure are not limited to different species, there can be differences within the same species. Wildcats and domestic cats are a good examp le of this. The visual system of the wild cat and the domestic cat differ in substantial ways. Domestic cats have fewer ganglion cells in the retina and have a smaller lateral geniculate nucleus, which is a part of the thalamus (9). In addition, they have fewer total neurons involved in the visual system of the brain, however the sizes of neurons do not change between the wild and domestic cats (9). It may be possible to explain these changes by looking at domesticati... ...http//abcnews.go.com/sections/living/DailyNews/antisocials000214.html2)What Lurks Within Murderous Minds?http//www.edu-cyberpg.com/Teachers/discipline.html3)Neural Roots of Murderhttp//www.academicpress.com/inscight/09151997/graphb.htm4)Crime & Nourishmenthttp//mhnet.org/perspectives/articles/art03964.htm5)Prenatal Smoking Linked to Conduct Disorder in Boyshttp//www.cqs.com/smokaspd.htm 6)Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder A Case of Diagnostic Confusionhttp//www.mhsource.com/pt/p960239.jhtml?_reques tid=4546307)The Psychopaths Brain Tormented Souls, Diseased Brainshttp//www.epub.org.br/cm/n07/doencas/disease_i.htm8)Functional Families, Dysfunctional Brainshttp//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980410101830.htm9)Different Brains, Different Behaviors http//serendip.brynmawr.edu/pkinser/bb/

Bernoulli Principle Essay -- essays research papers

Airflow over an airfoil Flight is one of the most classical achievements of mankind. We owe this achievement to the invention of the airfoil and understanding the physics that allow it to tip over enormous weights into the sky.All flight is the result of forces acting upon the wings of an plane that allow it to counteract gravity. Contrary to popular belief, the Bernoulli principle is not responsible for most of the lift generated by an airplanes wings. Rather, the lift is created by air being deflected eat up the wings and transferring an upward force to those wings. The most important factor in determining the lift generated by an airplane is the angle of attack. The angle of attack is the stop measure from the horizontal that a wing is elevated or declined. When the angle of attack is between 1 and 20 degrees, the most lift is generated. To find the lift generated by a particular area of wing in a standard airfoil shape, a teardrop with the fat end facing forward, the equati on L=Cl 1/2 (pV2)S. Cl is the lift coeficent, which is determined by the shape of the airfoil and the angle of attack. P stands for the air mass density, V for the velocity of the air passing over the wing, and S for the area of the wing when viewed from above or below. As the air flows over the wing producing lift, it grabs onto the wings shape up and causes drag. Drag can be measured by the equation D=Cd 1/2 (pV2)S, much like the lift equation. The drag coeficent Cd is found, again, by determining ...

Accounting Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

paper will discuss the public perception of CPAs in todays society, pitfalls that they may encounter, methods to prevent some of these negative behaviors and consequences they may looking should they fall short. Most "Who Do You Trust?" surveys rank politicians, lawyers and used car salesmen at the provide and certified public accountants at the top. That is because the CPA profession has a squeaky clean image--anal-retentive puny wimps who wear thick glasses and cannot get a date. CPAs atomic number 18 known and respected for their honesty. The profession that goes out of its way to project that image, and there is a certain amount of truth to it. Not all accountants ar anal-retentive little wimps who cannot get a date. Many of them are quite articulate. Some are quite lovely, in some schools, more than half of the accounting majors are women. Also, not all CPAs are squeaky clean and respected for their honesty. Some are quite dishonest and are putting a black physiog nomy on the image of the entire profession. There is one area where the CPA profession has fallen short of protecting the public interest. The universal duty that accountants owe to their clients and the other persons who are affected by their actions is to "exercise the skill and care of the ordinarily prudent accountant" in the same circumstances. Two elements compose the general duty of performance skill and care. Another element and responsibility is owed to clients and other persons, that is that accountants should observe a standard of ethical or social responsibility. One deal of difficulties concerns ethics educations ability to instill the chosen values and to make them stick after the educational process is completed. Instruction in accounting ethics is order at people whose character-or lack there-of-has largely been formed by the time the instruction occurs. Although such instruction should increase the moral awareness of those who are already predisposed to l isten, its effect on the basically self-interested, indifferent, or unethical is questionable. Even those who are positively influenced by ethics instruction, moreover, may still behave irresponsibly if their careers or their livelihoods require them to act in their clients financial interest. Recent pressure to include more ethics instruction in the accounting classroom has rigid an emphasis on individuals who have a sen... ... the trust instilled in me very seriously. I hope that this paper has enlightened you to the pitfalls many certified public accountants face today, both with ethical standards and with impending educational requirements. Reference PageFulmer, W.E. and B.R. Cargile 1987, "Ethical Perceptions of Accounting Students Does Exposure to a Code of Professional Ethics Help?" Issues in Accounting Education 2, 207-219. Loeb, S.E. 1988, "Teaching Students Accounting Ethics Some Crucial Issues, Issues in Accounting Education 3, 316-329. Metzger, J.D. 1992. & quotBusiness Law and the Regulatory Environment Consepts and Cases eighth Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the world Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C 1992, The Trouble with Dilemmas Rethinking Applied Ethic, Professional Ethics 1, 119-142. er, J.D. 1992. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment Consepts and Cases 8th Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the Public Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C 1992, The Trouble with Dilemmas Rethinking Applied Ethic, Professional Ethics 1, 119-142.

Accounting Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

paper will discuss the public perception of CPAs in todays society, pitfalls that they may encounter, methods to prevent some of these negative behaviors and consequences they may cause should they fall short. Most "Who Do You Trust?" surveys rank politicians, lawyers and used car salesmen at the cornerstone and certified public accountants at the top. That is because the CPA profession has a squeaky clean image--anal-retentive minuscular wimps who wear thick glasses and cannot get a date. CPAs atomic number 18 known and respected for their honesty. The profession that goes out of its way to project that image, and there is a certain amount of truth to it. Not all accountants be anal-retentive little wimps who cannot get a date. Many of them are quite articulate. Some are quite lovely, in some schools, more than half of the accounting majors are women. Also, not all CPAs are squeaky clean and respected for their honesty. Some are quite dishonest and are putting a black course on the image of the entire profession. There is one area where the CPA profession has fallen short of protecting the public interest. The customary duty that accountants owe to their clients and the other persons who are affected by their actions is to "exercise the skill and care of the ordinarily prudent accountant" in the same circumstances. Two elements compose the general duty of performance skill and care. Another element and responsibility is owed to clients and other persons, that is that accountants should observe a standard of ethical or social responsibility. One organise of difficulties concerns ethics educations ability to instill the chosen values and to make them stick after the educational process is completed. Instruction in accounting ethics is order at people whose character-or lack there-of-has largely been formed by the time the instruction occurs. Although such instruction should increase the moral awareness of those who are already predispose d to listen, its effect on the basically self-interested, indifferent, or unethical is questionable. Even those who are positively influenced by ethics instruction, moreover, may still behave irresponsibly if their careers or their livelihoods require them to act in their clients financial interest. Recent pressure to include more ethics instruction in the accounting classroom has put an emphasis on individuals who have a sen... ... the trust instilled in me very seriously. I hope that this paper has enlightened you to the pitfalls many certified public accountants face today, both with ethical standards and with impending educational requirements. Reference PageFulmer, W.E. and B.R. Cargile 1987, "Ethical Perceptions of Accounting Students Does Exposure to a Code of Professional Ethics Help?" Issues in Accounting Education 2, 207-219. Loeb, S.E. 1988, "Teaching Students Accounting Ethics Some Crucial Issues, Issues in Accounting Education 3, 316-329. Metzger, J.D. 199 2. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment Consepts and Cases eighth Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the domain Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C 1992, The Trouble with Dilemmas Rethinking Applied Ethic, Professional Ethics 1, 119-142. er, J.D. 1992. "Business Law and the Regulatory Environment Consepts and Cases 8th Edition. 1061. McGee, Robert W., "CPAs vs. the Public Interest". Dumont Institute, Ethic Information Center. 1. Whiteck, C 1992, The Trouble with Dilemmas Rethinking Applied Ethic, Professional Ethics 1, 119-142.

Solutions, Dilutions and molarity calculations

wherefore is a conical flask, rather than a beaker, utilise in the experiment? To onlyow easy mixing of issues by swirling. 2. Why is the funnel removed from the burette after adding the acid solution? so that the drops from the funnel will not fall into the burette. 3. In using a burette, why is it important to (a) rinse it with a little of the solution it is going to contain? to remove whatever residual water and so avoid dilution of the acid solution when it is poured into the burette. (b) to clamp it vertically? to enable the liquid level to be read correctly. ) to have the part below the tap full? to ensure that the actual intensity level of liquid delivered into the flask is read correctly. 4. Give one reason for carrying out the following procedures during the titration. (i) The sides of the conical flask were washed down with deionised water? To ensure that all of the acid added from the burette can react with the base. (ii) The conical flask was frequently swirle d or shaken? To ensure complete mixing of the reactants. 5. Why is a petulant titration carried out? To find the approximate end point.This nformation enables the subsequent titrations to be carried out more quickly. 6. Why is more than one accurate titration carried out? To minimise misunderstanding by getting accurate readings within 0. 1-3 cm of each other. 7. Explain why hydrochloric acid is not used as a primary example? The exact concentration of any hydrochloric acid solution is not known, unless it is prepared from standard ampoules. Laboratory grade hydrochloric acid is not sufficiently pure. 8. Can any of the following be used as primary standards NaOH, H2S04, HN03? Explain your answer.A primary standard should be available in a highly pure read and stable. None of these substances are available pure because (a) NaOH readily absorbs water and carbon dioxide from the air. (b) Concentrated H2S04 readily absorbs water from the air. (c)HN03 breaks down releasing N02 ga s. 9. If you used only 10cm3 of atomic number 11 carbonate solution in the conical flask, calculate how much acid would be required to neutralise it. x 10-3 moles Na2C03 10cm3 Na 2CO 3 solution used at concentration of 0. 1 M 1 2 x 10-3 moles HCL required Concentration of HCL is 0. M 1000 x 2 x 10-3 / 0. 23crn3 required = 10. 5crn fi13. 10. Describe briefly how a pure dry exemplar of sodium chloride could be obtained having carried out the titration? Using the information provided by the titration results, add Just teeming hydrochloric acid to exactly neutralise 25cm 3 of sodium carbonate. The indicator should not be added. Gently heat the solution until all the water has evaporated to dryness. A sample of sodium chloride will remain in the beaker. Solutions, Dilutions and molarity calculations By AbigailHerbert

How the PisoNet Became Successful Essay

Piso Net has been making quite a buzz in the metro since early 2010, but its not only until recently that the enterprise got the attention of vexation-minded folks. So what is Piso Net and how are things from a business stall? Is it really a viable source of extra income? Piso Net is basically a merge of PC rental and Arcade rental services wherein customers cornerstone pay the services by inserting coins to the machine. The rate is typically 4mins/peso which as well amounts to the typical Internet Cafe at of Php15/hr. This rate sack up be tweaked higher(prenominal) or lower either to be more competitive and entice customers or gain more income by decreasing the minutes/pesoSo if theres not much difference in pricing, what is the advantage of Piso Net over traditional Internet Cafes? Well some internet cafes obtain a fixed rates and minimum minutes of usage, this makes for not-so ideal scenario for budget-conscious Pinoys. And although the rate is the same, Piso Net offers a mu ch flexible alternative that most internet cafes done, and that is to require more control on how much time and money a customer is willing to spend at a given time.The setup is rather simple with the bare PC parts are inside a wooden box similar to that of an Arcade machine or Videoke machine. Much analogous the Arcade machine, it is activated by inserting coin/s which triggers the machine. Once the time is consumed, the machine cuts off the display and will resume when a coin is inserted. The idler wooden part inside the machine has a carved hole to collect the coins. What are the advantages compare to traditional inter caf?There are also other providers who offer the same configuration for a cheaper price. Depending on your market, which is most of the time your neighbors, you can choose a configuration that suits your markets necessitate (internet, gaming and/or document editing). Needless to say that gauging your market and choosing the right configuration is crucial to th e success of the business and the amount of time to spend to indemnification the investment. We did some research on how things are going on a revenue standpoint. We interviewed a housewife married to an OFW who runs a 3 Piso Net units business for little over six months now.She got it for Php20,000 apiece and placed it in small space inside their house. According to her the monthly revenue averages at Php17,000/mo. If we break crush on a per week and per day, the revenues averages at Php4,265 and Php610 respectively. So a Piso Net unit generates more or less Php5,600/month, Php1,410/week and Php200 a day.This revenue is base on 167 operation on a not-so developed are In terms of cost of operation, she said that the 3 units electricity utilisation amounts to Php2,700/month and Php1,000 for the internet service. Since shes not paying for the location, the total cost of operation only sums to Php3,700/month. So if we deduct the TCO from the monthly average revenue (17,000 3,700), youd have an average net revenue of Php13,300/month. At this pace, the turnaround for the return of investment is only 5 months. Another benefit of Piso Net is that it requires less causal agent to maintain unlike with Internet Cafes. All the personnel need to do is to make sure that he/she has more than enough stock of 1 peso coins and units are pretty much on auto-pilot. I only wish that the future iteration of the machine supports coin amounts bigger than a Peso because it can be a pain in the neck to drop a coin every now and then.

Anne Carson Essay

Kiersten Baxley Professor Shirokova English 1102 12 September 2012 Anne Carsons Lessons Anne Carson is a very intelligent and well rounded writer. When I first aver Anne Carsons Short Talks, I was seriously confused. At first, Ithought she was an abstract writer that wrote just to write. But then I took a second tactile property at her work and realized there was much more to it than just crazy jumbled ideas. Short Talks is a mixture of many elements. It has argumentation, facts, personalised opinions, and an unconventional way of writing. As I was re breeding the Short Talks, I noticed names, facts, and a lesson to go along with each Short Talk.This persuaded me to do round research so the stories would die to make more sense. After completing my research, I subscribe come to the conclusion that Short Talks has been created to teach the commentator a lesson, teach them about a historical figure, and to enable the proof commentator to think outside of the box. I do not like r eading something and have no idea what is being discussed and that is what I liked about Anne Carsons Short Talks, she prompts the reader to think in a critical port thus persuading them to want to learn about what they are reading.For the reader to fully sympathize this style of reading, one needs to research Anne Carsons background. Next the reader needs to research the main topics of each short talk. Anne Carson truly enables the reader to think outside of the box when she uses this less conventional way of writing since to the highest degree authors do not use this style of writing. Most writers use a more normal approach to their writings. Short Talks entrancem to teach the reader some sort of lesson when they read them. Take the short talk On Major and Minor for example, Anne states, There are more major things than minor thingsI believe that she is portraying that there are people all around the world that turn very small things into much larger issues than it should be (Bartholomae and Petro cast away 264-270). Carson uses the fancied character Elektra as an example in this short talk. Elektras stimulate and step-father murdered Elektras father. Elektra took this very hard, so she and her brother Orestes plotted r tied(p)ge against her mother and step-father. Elektras father had been against things like this, but Elektra became so bitter she began to commit many crimes. So this short talk helps us decide between what is major and minor in our life.This helps to keep from overreacting over the small things in life. Another lesson comes from the short talk On Reading. This takes the reader back to their childhood. No, not everyone delight ins reading, but it is excessively great for you. In this short talk I got the imagery that this little girl was on a road trip with her parents, her father does not enjoy reading but she does. So while on the way to their destination, she reads Madame Bovary. While reading she takes a moment to look around at the sights passing through and through the window. This just gets the reader to truly think and assess the way they perceive the way they view reading.Having someone who enjoys reading, and someone who finds no pleasure in reading is what makes the world go round. Not everyone appreciates, or finds interest in the same things, but do not discourage anyone if you have no interest in it. If I were to write some short talks I could use an Anne Carson-like writing style, or writing that run fors eloquently. I would try to help the reader to understand what is being said, but to also think about what is before them. I would include an introduction in my short talks to help guide the flow of the short talks.An example of my short talks would be Every day starts the same way. Get up, get dressed, go to class. You see sleepy students stumbling to class, some even skip class. never enough sleep. This is the life of a college student preparing for the future. You never know what life has in -store for you today, tomorrow, and all the days before you. Cheerleading When you see a cheerleader, you see a peppy smile. Energetic. This is an athlete in many many ways. Athletes in skirts Tumbling, Stunting, Jumping,. Can you throw someone in the air? Never boring when were around. Love How do you explain love?Do you even know where it is or even how to find it? Is it a passion, a sport, a car, or a lover? Expression. Show it in your own way. Never give it up for anything. Adventure How does someone find adventure? One might sky dive, hike a nature trail, bungee jump. Not everyone is adventurous. Not everyone will find adventure in the same way. Riddle me this, when does your big adventure start? Anne Carson did a great job on Short Talks. I thoroughly enjoyed reading herShort Talks. I also liked how I was challenged and pushed to think critically about Short Talks. That is what makes a great writer.

Racism and Gender Essay

Explore the intersection of racism and sexuality in modern-day Australia. In a place particularly like Australia recognised to be a multicultural country, sexuality is targeted in race particular aspects and race is experienced in gendered systems. This paper depart elaborate on the intersection of racism and gender when both come into play as well as the role it presents in Australia of todays society. Many literature discussions would imply that racism and gender fit in completely incompatible categories from the other but as some authors argue, there argon interconnections between the 2.Elaboration of how racism is a form of discrimination is one circumstance and gender is another will be discussed byout the paper in which it will highlight how both cases can be seen to bring a higher force of discrimination. Authors such(prenominal) as Pettman, Waters and Crooks look into the studies of gender and racism to find the pervasive influence on community of every last(predi cate) background knowledge in contemporary Australia. Through studies of gender & racism, women in particular move over been seen as usually marginal or invisible in society.Some writers illiterate on the experience of immigration and multiculturalism women confront while others would focus on womens experience of the Second World War and their migration to Australia. In relation to power, gender could be displayed in different locations in accordance to being constituted (Pettman, 1991 pp. 53). sexual urge has often been bypassed to being a natural thing, accordingly they be presumed to be vital in human thoughts.Pettman establishes the role of gender by highlighting the cultural differences within a male and female in the categories of masculinity and femininity in which what seems to be the most socially appropriate to societys norms. She raises the questions, how minority women experience racism and the ways different women count sexism? Pettman states that Racism and sexi sm, even where connected, do not operate alone, but articulate and atomic number 18 articulated through structures of power in society (pp. 54).Although it is primarily express that gender is much than of a socially constructed term it is not biological, as sex would be a more than of a scientific term to it. duration sex refers to more of physical attributes individuals hold, gender differences are by no extent categorised along with sex as both bear different connotations. In a community such as Australia, Women who are of non-Caucasian backgrounds and natural Australian are sh let to be highly disadvantaged when it comes to relations of poverty, employment, security and homing. avocation the society of Aboriginals and migration of non-Caucasians to Australia, Pettman analyses the notion of the relations of gender prior to this. Passing throughout forms of social inequity, Non-Caucasians as well as Indigenous Australian are underrepresented in which interactions experienced in this case are multi-dimensional. Pettman emphasizes that the rules, roles and practices are often fair towards them at umpteen circumstances but are primarily in choose of dominant social interests (1991 pp. 6). In demonstrating that there is a racial construction for women in particular of Indigenous background, they are treated differently especially when it comes to the caretaking of their own children.Mahoney points this out as being relevant to the stolen generation in its analysis where it states that in Australia, it would be accept able-bodied in the racial discourse that Caucasian women touch better mothers for the children of Indigenous background rather than the Indigenous mothers themselves (1997 pp. 91). Since the invasion affecting Aboriginal women, she argues its importance how social practice is taken into accordance in the exam of whiteness. With Asiatics being present in Australia, they are not contradicted to being included as Australian but rather their identity is more noted to be of an outsider (pp. 294). The demonstration of women and racism illustrates the difference in subjectivity, experience, social relations and identity in women of contemporary Australia as a general notion.Women face sexism in a general setting, but with the addition of racism, women of coloured and Indigenous Australian has a higher jeopardy of fronting discrimination and disadvantages through their experience. Pettman argues that the notion of tradition Indigenous culture and society give justification for protection towards women and children of Indigenous background (1992, pp. 66). She details how Aboriginal women especially face certain dangers and are more defenseless violence with connections to Australias a colinisation.Although both Indigenous and coloured women experience discrimination, they face significantly different circumstances of discrimination. Pettman implies how women of coloured (migrant women) experience many an(prenominal) diff iculties in employment in the workplace field with a disadvantage to people of Caucasian background (1992, pp. 60). In favor of who experiences the most racism, it is depicted that people of Asian and Muslim background experience higher levels of discrimination than most.In terms of experiencing racism, women of different culture face significantly different discriminations with accordance to their culture and background along with stereotypes. They generally had a higher level of unemployment and the concentration of them securing a job fits along the categories of low income jobs with poor and dangerous working conditions (pp. 61). Men may also experience sexism as it does not always favour the womans side every time.This may be because women rush always been seen as the lesser and marginal class as compared to the men who are seen as the alpha and the dominant leaders in society as Mahoney argues (1994, pp. 290). For example, a more dominant group of women can over empower a m an whom is seen as the minority in which sexism coverts and attacks the man in this situation. Sexism not unaccompanied displays a course of individual attitude but also is built into many social institutes but generally as a basis, it is often used in relation to the discrimination against the women in the term of patriarchy.This ranges things to the likes of gender stereotype where the characteristics and behavior of men and women as well and transgender all intervene with one another. A gender stereotype is a term utilized in which it elaborates the way men and women should behave in a certain expressive style according to what society sees as the right thing or the wrong thing (Mahoney, 1994, pp. 291). The presence of men according to the relations of men is highly dominated by them in all societies. The domination of men is known as patriarchy where women are represented in a marginal level.McIntosh emphasizes the connotation of White permit and Male Privilege stating that w hites are carefully taught not to recognize privilege, as males are taught not to recognize male privilege (1997 pp. 291). With these ideas, it illustrates that the scuffle of womens dealings with sexism and patriarchy gain intricate the awareness of these conditions leading to the reconceptualisation of gender. Upon analyzing the data of racism and gender, there are many significant statistics which reflect upon women in ontemporary Australia. Woman compared to men are more disadvantage when it comes to employment in the workforce of labor as well as domestic sphere. Women tend to fill in the role of mother which affects the yield of their search for job employment. Men are capable of filling in the role of many job aspects which range from labor work to domestic sphere, where women are less likely to find a suiting job to labor and move to areas of teaching, nursing and social function.Holmes states that woman on an average basis get ahead 65% of what men would earn which leav es a gap difference of 35% between them as reported scientifically (2010 c. 11). Apart from men being alter in many jobs of labor employment, they are more geared towards the scientific and engineering areas, jobs that technically portray a higher wage income than those of social services in general where women are more inclined towards (c. 11).Pettman distributes the idea that the intersectionality searches to seize the structural and dynamic magnitudes of both the basis collaboration of two or more forms of relating to discriminations or system of subordination (Pettman, 1992, pp. 70). She states consequently that in the way the manner is addressed, racism, patriarchy and economic disadvantages to name a few including many others all kick in in constructing layers of inequity positioning where men and women stand as well as other racial groups (pp. 70).Through Intersectionality, the recognition and connection of identity, particular races and gender are taken notice of. On an in tersectional approach, asserts that look onto identity are considered indivisible aspects and also when speaking of gender and race it is taken into hand that the two subjects conjoined together establish a hale new subject to be discussed (pp. 72). Although it has always been looked passed that gender and race have always been distinguished as their own subject, nobody takes notice of what it could bring towards society if the two were to intervene and combine.The two elements of these topics picks weak points as well as the discriminations held against them into a different level of discrimination where women are targeted not only in the favor of sexism but also taking note of their background, beliefs and nationality individually (pp. 72). Theories of sexism and racism are brought up as a discussion topic in general as a kind of oppression and in a way they are compared to one another. In this circumstance, Pettman argues how class, gender and ethnicity overlap each other (Pettm an, 1992, pp. 57).In examining the connection between gender and racism, she notes how it puts a bigger emphasis upon institutional racism illustrating how it could do things such as drawing away the focus of the individuals feelings and actions distributing it to social resources instead. Although institutional racism is solely based on rules, roles and practices, they more so favor the more dominant groups social interests which does not make it fair even though the idea of them sound fair (pp. 57). This comes directly towards multicultural groups whose interests are ideas are lesser as compared to more dominant groups such as the white society.This places a feel where institutionalized racism is more of a multidimensional and is comprised through communication with other sources relating to social inequity throughout contemporary Australia operating un bump officially usually not in favor of rhetoric and authorized organization laws (pp. 58). Through not only experiencing racism and sexism, this could escalate and lead to many further issues that are outside the specific category expanding to problems like crime, poverty and many more through a chain of events leading towards it.The shaping of the social media has been one of the biggest outlets in portraying racism and genders intersection throughout contemporary Australia. It comes in the form of being able to manipulate, communicate and influence people over the nation especially towards the participants who partake in the roles the social media plays the most. Individuals who pay less vigilance towards the social media are affected at some point as the form of communication through other people would eventually reach them at some point.Langton (1993) is one of the most notable Indigenous academic authors who illustrate the many important roles the film and media play in representing the construction of not only gender and sexuality but Aboriginality as well and how discrimination throughout Australia is reproduced in this manner. Langton (1993) notes how it is usually the norms of what society sees as mainstream social analysis turns them minor or ethnically determined. Often over a certain extent, while containing some elements of the truth masked behind the media, it tries to recognize iversity and qualify the overgeneralisations social theorising at many times encourage the conduct. Multiracial Feminism has been a topic of discussion not only in Australia but to the likes of globally as well. As it have always been throughout generation to generation and continuing on into the present, women especially of colour have always been placed in a situation where they have confront the hegemony of womens libs solely constructed by the criteria of middle-classed white women.Pettman (1991) highlights the need to challenge the system of domination, not by just the subjects of gender but throughout various hierarchies where the lives of women are impacted on because of the location the y reside in (pp. 189). Within the constraints of oppressions of gender, race and class, women establish viable lives for not only themselves but their families and their communities as a whole also (pp. 190).The differences of women are systematically connected in many different ways where the relational nature of dominance and subordination is expressed through this manner where race is made an important element through the relations of white women and women in the marginal category. This composes of a large range of methodological approaches from the multiracial feminism which allows society to better understand the social world with the different groups of women within it as well where alternate ways of understanding these process are naturalised (1991, pp. 92-193). It is coming to understand the term Pettman recounts that multiracial feminism is something that brings together understandings influenced and drawn from the lived experiences of diverse and changing groups of women globally worldwide ( pp. 193). Woman of different nationalities are able to share their experiences and culture among others therefore this admirers to bring multicultural and traditions where ever the location may be, as this is the path to contemporary Australia becoming much more diverse.Gender and racism as a whole context are expressed in many different ways throughout its intersection in contemporary Australia. Although the framework of these two or still an issue in our nation, it has always been so in the pass as well and unlikely to end with the recent matters taken into accordance. There have been various outcomes introduced to make the inequality terms equal for human beings as a whole as it only brings help to a marginal rule.There may be a possibility that the intersection of gender and racism within Australia may be rid of its context of discrimination but it must also be taken into context that human beings were born this way to find inequality, differences and vari ations among another. This is a uniquely discussed subject that will not disappear over the course of the next few days but takes an extremely large amount of effort to get rid off as for this subject to no longer exist, all humans not only within Australia but globally as well must work together in unity.

A Tale of Two Cities Humor Essay

Humor in A Tale of ii CitiesThis novel is filled with conceit but one scenery that catches attention as humorous is in Chapter one of the Second Book, Jerry Cruncher is the most comical fiber in the book and in this particular scene he yells at his married woman for praying against her. This is comical because it is so absurd especially the way daimon depicts it. Mr.Cruncher wa kes up to find his wife praying and yells twice that she is at it agin (Dickens 56), so he continues to throw a muddy boot at her.Mrs.Cruncher only responds after he addresses her again, she explains that she was not praying against him but for him. This replete(p) scene is utterly wet because she was just being a peaceful wife but her husband assumes she is praying for him to be unsuccessful. He has no evidence to sanction up his accusation yet continues to believe it. This scene also display terrible sexism on the part of Jerry Cruncher.Humor in A Tale of Two CitiesThis novel is filled with humor bu t one scene that catches attention as humorous is in Chapter one of the Second Book, Jerry Cruncher is the most comical character in the book and in this particular scene he yells at his wife for praying against her. This is comical because it is so absurd especially the way Dickens depicts it. Mr.Cruncher wa kes up to find his wife praying and yells twice that she is at it agin (Dickens 56), so he continues to throw a muddy boot at her. Mrs.Cruncher only responds after he addresses her again, she explains that she was not praying against him but for him.This entire scene is utterly ridiculous because she was just being a peaceful wife but her husband assumes she is praying for him to be unsuccessful. He has no evidence to back up his accusation yet continues to believe it. This scene also display terrible sexism on the part of Jerry Cruncher.Humor in A Tale of Two CitiesThis novel is filled with humor but one scene that catches attention as humorous is in Chapter one of the Second Book, Jerry Cruncher is the most comical character in the book and in this particular scene he yells at hiswife for praying against her. This is comical because it is so absurd especially the way Dickens depicts it. Mr.Cruncher wa kes up to find his wife praying and yells twice that she is at it agin (Dickens 56), so he continues to throw a muddy boot at her. Mrs.Cruncher only responds after he addresses her again, she explains that she was not praying against him but for him. This entire scene is utterly ridiculous because she was just being a peaceful wife but her husband assumes she is praying for him to be unsuccessful. He has no evidence to back up his accusation yet continues to believe it. This scene also display terrible sexism on the part of Jerry Cruncher.

Contemporary Issue on Chit Funds -“The Invincible”

An contemporary issue report on handicap storehouseS THE INVICIBLE 2013-2014 Made by Fakhruddin Badshah PREFACE This document sketches the the meaning, introduction, overview,its working,online curb storages, I threw some light on in vogue(p) news just ab issue this field and alike tried to cover the latest upsteram and downsteam aspects of this atomic number 18a ( deterrent line companies). My aim of indite on this issue is who get out sacking to auction block the fraudulant activities being do by this companies. I chose this segemnt for my contemporay because this is going precise jet among the tidy sum in straight offs time.So I thought lets give a steering the the detail of this segment to the community. With the help of this document raft depart come to bop what exactly going on in this do main. This sector is expanding rapidly like boththing. This maturements has become a catalyst for the growth of vigourous tabloid line companies in all over India . So what provisions should be made to curb the alleged misguided practices done by these companies or segment. Thus it is the to cypher and act on it to protect the touch of small investors and their thorny earned incomes. Index Introduction 5-7 Overview of chit monetary lineage 8How chit computer storage flora 9-11 2012-2013 Highlighted discussion about chit-fund 12-13 Who leave alone stop chit finances? 14-18 Report of MCA 18-21 Benefits 21-22 Drawbacks 23 Safety from bank check cash in hand 24 bank check bloodS The invincible Introduction A chit fund is a type of savings scheme practiced in India, besides different forms of savings scheme offered by various public and private sector banks, take offices, insurance corporations etc. hindrance notes argon indigenous monetary institutions in India that cater to the monetary motivations of the low-income households, which commence been excluded from the formal financial system. bank check, in the healthy pu rview, means a transaction whether called chit, chit fund, chitty, kuri or by any different name by or nether which a individual enters into an agreement with a specified number of souls that all(prenominal) one of them shall subscribe a real(prenominal) sum of bullion (or a certain quantity of grain instead in the eggshell of villages) by way of percentage pointical installments over a decided period and that each(prenominal) such(prenominal) reviewer shall, in his turn, as determined by lot or by auction or by fond(p) or in such separate manner as may be specified in the chit agreement, be em function to the nose amount.In artless words, A chit fund is a savings-borrowing scheme, in which a separate of battalion enter into an agreement to contribute fixed amounts periodically, for a specified period of time. The amount so collected (or the chit value) is distributed among each of the persons in turns, which is determined by way of lots or an auction. arrest right-hand(a)ty rear an hazard to save excess cash on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, and give an easy access to it in case of emergency. hinderance property argon the Indian equivalent of the Rotating nest egg and Credit Associations (ROSCA) that ar famous without the world.ROSCAs ar a means to save and borrow simultaneously. It is considered one of the vanquish instruments to cater to the call for of the poor. It enables poor people to convert their small savings into lump sums. The concept of chit funds originated more than 1000 years ago. initially it was in the form of an promiscuous familiarity of traders and households within communities, wherein the members contributed some money in retrieve for an accumulated sum at the barricade of the tenure. Participation in tab key funds was mainly for the social function of purchasing some property or, in other words, for consumption purposes.However, in recent times, in that respect put one across been fantastic alterations in the constitution and functioning of Chit funds. While in nearly places ROSCAs be user-owned and organized informally, in India, chit funds have been formally send as well. Legally recognized firms provide a variety of chit schemes. A Chit enthronisation firm fucking either be legally registered or unregistered. Registered Chit storehouses, as the name suggests be being regulated nether the various Chit depot acts. While unregistered Chit Funds are unorganized and mostly run by the close friends, relatives or family members of the investor.Unregistered Chit Funds which exceed 100 ($2) in value are illegal in India, although it is very well known that unregistered Chit Fund industry is very favorite in India, mainly in the rural and semi-urban area, where people have very little access to the banking serve and where financial illiteracy is more. The regulation of the Chit Fund industry was put in place by the presidency activity of India to address the pr oblem of misuse of informal Chit Funds by unscrupulous promoters and founders running away with the participants funds, leaving the members with little safety to retrieve their money back.Chit funds in India are governed by various kingdom or central laws. Organized chit fund schemes are indispensable to register with the Registrar or Firms, Societies and Chits. variant Chit Fund cloaks governing the industry in India are as under * Union Government Chit Funds Act 1982 (Except the invoke of Jammu and Kashmir) * Kerala Kerala Chitties Act 1975 * Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Chit Funds Act, 1961 * Karnataka The Chit Funds (Karnataka) Rules, 1983 * Andhra Pradesh The Andhra Pradesh Chit Funds Act, 1971 * New Delhi- The Chit Funds Act,1982 and Delhi Chit Funds Rules, 2007 * Maharashtra Maharashtra Chit Fund Act 1975 Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Chit Funds Act, 1975 * Goa, Daman & Diu The Goa, Daman and Diu Chit Funds Act, 1973 * Pudducherry/Pondicherry The Pondicherry Chit Funds Act, 1966. An overview of chit funds The sparing development of a country depends upon the availability of resources. The main activities that contribute to the growth are production and employment. Production depends upon the inputs of the factors such as finance, raw materials, labor etc. The most important here bring finance, which is the captain mobilized of all the factors of production.In a money economy, finance for development initially comes from private savings. These private savings give to the lowly depositorys this is where the financial institutions come into picture. Financial institutions refer a central place in mobilizing savings from the people and make it available to the trade, commerce and industries either as a capital or loans. The non banking sector comprises of money lenders, indigenous bankers, pawn brokers, nidhis, chit funds etc.The origin of chit funds drive out be traced way back to the 17th century when the economic wizards of state of Malabar (now known as the state of Kerala) started this activity. Those were the people who actually founded this financial institution. It became so popular and numerous that people started adopting this activity as a business by the 18th century all over. As the chit industry grew the number of people involved in this industry too grew. This gave rise to umteen misconceptions, frauds, mis vigilance etc. , in this industry.To pr even upt this State Government of Travancore took the first initiative and introduced the first Chit Fund Regulation being the Chit Fund Act 1914. sensation important regulation introduced by this act was that of a commission collectable to the foreman. The Act brought about a ceiling limit on the commission payable to the foreman that is 5% maximum which is still the same even to this date. How chit funds deeds Chit funds which are popular from a very long time but still some people dont know how exactly this chit fund whole kit and caboodle and invest their mon ey illogically.This thunder mug be understood by the following procedure Lets narrate at that place are 20 people who come together and form a group. Each one volition contribute Rs 1,000 per month and this exit stretch forth for contiguous 20 months (equal to number of people in the group). In this group there will be one adapter, who will squeeze the pain of habitue the meetings, collecting money from each other and thence doing other procedures. So each month all these 20 people will meet on a particular day and deposit Rs 1,000 each. That will make a total of Rs 20,000 every month.Now there will be a constrict on who will take this money. Naturally there will be few people who are in deprivation of big amount because of some movement like some big expenses, fluidity crunch, business problem, Beti ki Shaadi etc etc Out of all the people who are in need of money, individual will bid the terminal amount, depending on how desperate he is for this money. The person who bids for the lowest amount wins the bid. Suppose out of total 3 people who bid for 18,000, 17,000 and Rs 16,000, the one who bids the lowest will win.In this case its the person who has bid Rs 16,000. There will also be organizer charges which are just about 5% (standard) of the total amount, so in this case its 5% of Rs 20,000, which is Rs 1,000. So out of the total 16,000 which this winner was going to get, Rs 1,000 will be deducted and the winner will get only Rs 15,000, Rs 1,000 will be organizer charges and Rs 4,000 is the profit, which will be shared by each and every member (all 20 people), it comes out to be Rs 200 per person, and it will be given back to all 20 members.So here you can see that the main winner took a big loss because of his desperate need of acquire the money and others benefitted by it. So each person actually paid just 800, not 1,000 in this case (they got 200 back). Note that when a person takes the money after bidding, he cant bid from next time, only 19 people will be eligible for bidding. Now next month the same thing happens and pretend the best bid was Rs 18,000 , then winner will get 17,000 (after deducting the organizer fees) and the rest 2,000 will be dissever back to people (Rs 100 each) . So each person is paying effectively Rs 900.This way each month all the people contribute the money, someone takes the money by bidding lowest, organizer gets his charges and the rest money is divided back to members. You will realize that the person who takes the money at the end will get all the money eject organizer fee, as there is no one else to bid now. So the person will get around Rs 19,000 in the end, if you try to find out the returns which he got out of the whole deal, it will depend on two things, how more lower bids were each month and the fees paid to organizer, if bids and charges are very low, then a person will make more money at the cost of other situations.So this is pretty much how a chit fund works, there are v arious versions of chit funds and how they work , but the idea was to communicate the basic model and how it works. Online Chit Funds is also running with grounds of E-commerce With the advent of ecommerce in India, Chit funds have also started going online. Online chit funds conduct auctions online and subscribers can pay their monthly dues and receive booty amount online through online transactions including electronic fund transfers. Each member will have an online account through which they can manage their chit funds. 2012-2013 Highlighted News about chit-fund . Cunning strict approaches adopted by rbi to protect the investors from delusive acts of chit fund companies. 2. exist year in the month of declination, The defend Bank of India (RBI) warned all the state governments about the mushrooming of chit funds and also written to them to take appropriate actions against them for duping depositors. 3. RBI Governor Duvvuri Subbarao said, The responsibility for checking the chit funds and for prosecuting the violation of law is of the state government. We have written to all the state governments to be vigilant about this and to take appropriate action. . D Subbarao also called for greater awareness among police and the general public for checking the proliferation of the chit funds in the country. 5. On 6th December 2012, Minister of State for collective personal business RPN Singh said that 87 companies have come under the scanner for alleged irregularities related to chit fund schemes and money circulation in the garb of multi-level marketing. The Registrar of Companies (RoC) and its regional Directors have been asked to scrutinize the balance sheets and inspect the discs of accounts and other records of these 87 companies. . Indias market regulator, Securities and swap Board of India (Sebi) had illegalize companies such as Rose Valley and system of macrophages Greenery Developers from accepting deposits from the public. 7. The former chief mi nister also pointed it out that small savings through post offices and co-operatives has suffered a lot as many another(prenominal) people are depositing their money to these chit funds expecting huge return. 8. In Bhubneshwar, The crime branch told that they are make a short documentary to modify people about illegal non-banking financial companies (NBFCs).The film will feature a host of financial management companies like Seashore, Ashore and Saffex, whose irregularities were exposed recently. The frugal offences wing (EOW) of the Crime Branch has registered at least 30 cases against several fraud companies in the past sextette months for embezzling public deposits after giving them false promise of high return. Senior functionaries (Head) of the companies were arrested and their bank accounts being ceased. 9. EOW also making computer program to start a doorbell slack number to protect people from fraudulent activities done by chit fund companies. 10.Government making ill -treats towards the projection of model rules to check chit fund and MLM (Multi-level Marketing) frauds. The central government will soon make stringent provisions in place, like hefty financial penalty, jail terms, de-listing from the registrar of companies (RoC) roster, among others. Who will stop chit funds In October 2012, a women and her elder daughter were running a chit fund, committed suicide by consuming paneling in Puthur in Trichy as they were ineffectual to repay their investors. These women had started a Diwali chit fund in the year 2011 and attracted around 300 investors in the area.They had collected around 9lakh from the investors. As per norms, the chit fund come with should have repaid the money with liaison or given assured gifts to the investors before Diwali of the year 2012. When the investors pressurize the women, they decided to end their lives and consumed poison. Investors are helpless. This is not the only case there are numerous. Most chit fund investo rs are the rural poor and or small investors. incomplete the victimized investors nor the police bring to book the persons responsible. Only the poor agents remain in place from whom the money cannot be recovered.According to Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), there are 4256 listed or registered chit fund companies which are running their business in the country while India chit-fund association estimates that the country has in total 15000 (registered and unregistered) companies which manage billions of rupees expense of funds. ShriRam Capital, one of the largest players, operates in four grey states and manages over USD 800 million. Some hope that recent hiccups in Indias once-booming microfinance sector, whose rise was led by microcredit, could bring even more business their way.One can call back how big the business is all over India. Too many regulators could not stop irregularities in chit funds. Everybody agrees that irregularities need to be stopped because these are make harm to a lot of small investors. But the question is who will stop it? In 1978, when the RBI banned chit funds, it came under the ministry of corporate personal business as a collective investment scheme. Another way these companies work is through private placement of the non-convertible debentures or collective investment scheme. In this case, SEBI has the author to regulate it.Sahara and many other big names are in on it. Any debenture or private placement cannot be done by more than 50 people. In contrast, these kinds of companies collect money from thousands of investors. If the number of investors of share and debenture is more than 50, it needs to be registered in the market and the SEBI would correspond it. RBI penurys the state government to take steps In this context, RBI has a different take. Subbarao, Governor, RBI, has advised the state governments to make their law stronger to save common investors from the chit fund trap.It has written letters to the states to develop a definite action plan to take step against these multi levels marketing player. Subbarao explained that RBI has no power to regulate chit funds. So, it has asked state government to take the initiative to prevent the mushrooming of money market agencies. RBI can train police and other legal bodies about chit funds but cannot instruct the police to do so. It is a state subject to plan and executes the prevention process of chit funds. Corporate Affairs ministry flavour into itUnion corporate Affairs Minister Sachin Pilot has said that the central government is looking into the issue of some chit funds and the Ponzi scheme that allegedly dupe small investors by using legal loopholes. It would also encourage state government to take necessary action against these firms. These firms are now misusing the loopholes, pilot added. Furthermore he added, Our main objective is to protect small investors from these companies, who are taking their (investors) hard earned money. As many as 87 companies have come under the scanner for alleged irregularities related to chit fund schemes and money circulations.Minister of State for corporate Affairs R. P. N. Singh has informed the Rajya Sabha that the directions have been issued on the basis of specialised complaints received by the ministry against these companies, which are alleged to be carrying on activities related to prize chit fund and money circulation in the garb of multi-level marketing. Legislative hodgepodge Singh further said that SFIO (Serious Fraud Investigation Office) has recommended setting up of a specific central regulatory agency for the effectuation of the prize chit and money circulation scheme (Banning) act, 1978.The act is administered by the Department of Financial services (DFS) which has constituted an Inter-Ministerial classify consisting of representatives from DFS, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), RBI, Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Department of Consumer Affair s and Central. Report of Ministry of Corporate Affairs List of Companies not registered but found doing Chit Business Beware of these Companies. Never articulatio them. M/s. P. V. R. Chits (P) Ltd. , B-50, Flatted Factories, Okhla Phase-III, N. Delhi-20. M/s. Narmal Chits (P) Ltd. , 1427, Gurudwara Road, Kotla Mubarakpur,N.Delhi-3. M/s. Sahara Chits (P) Ltd. , WZ/A-49, Krishna Park Extension, N. Delhi-18. M/s. Twenty Second Century Chit Fund (P) Ltd. , 4205-4206, Sant Nagar, principal(prenominal) Road, Rani Bagh, Delhi-34. M/s. Skylla Chits (P) Ltd. , D-223/115, Laxmi Chambers, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-92. M/s. Hari Vimal Chits (P) Ltd. , expose No. 8, M. R. Market, Rangpuri, N. Delhi-70. M/s. Merchant Chits (P) Ltd. , CA-24/2, Tagore Garden, N. Delhi-27. M/s. Mehar Chits (P) Ltd. , IIIrd Floor, 528, Krishna Gali, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk, Delhi-6 M/s. Vinamar Chits (P) Ltd. , 170-E, Kamla Nagar, Delhi-7. M/s.Vinamar Chits (P) Ltd. , 272, Hakikat Nagar, Mall Road, Delhi-9. M/ s. Well King Chits (P) Ltd. , C-47, Acharya Niketan, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I,Delhi-91. M/s. Aegis Chit Fund (P) Ltd. , E-484, great Kailash-II, New Delhi-48. List of Companies which have been debarred from doing any Chit Fund business in Delhi NAME ADDRESS A. G. checkout depot PVT. LTD. ARJIT assayS PVT. LTD. BHAGMAL CHITS PVT. LTD. CHOJI PRITAM CHITS PVT. LTD. DISHTI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. theatre director Sh. Ajay Pandon DISHTI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. DIRECTOR Sh. Sudarshan Kapoor EK-ONKAAR CHIT FUND PVT.LTD. EROS FIN. CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. GIRDHAR CHITS PVT. LTD. GOLDEN BENEFIT CHITS PVT. LTD. J. KRISHNA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. J. V. CHITS PVT. LTD. KADS CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. KHAJANA CHITSPVT. LTD. black market CHITS PVT. LTD. MINCO CHITS PVT. LTD. NIKETAN CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PARVATI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PARVEEN CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. POMA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PROSPER CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. RITESH CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. ROHTGI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. ROYAL CH IT FUND PVT. LTD. RUHANI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. S. T. S. CHIT FUND PVT.LTD. SAFAL CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. SATSANGI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. SIMPLICITY CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. SUBHASH NAGAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. TRI NAGAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. VEDANTA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. YOG MAYA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PARVARISH LEASING FIN. (P) LTD Shop No. 6, Mafare Garden, New Delhi M. V. A. CHIT FUND (P) LTD. Shop No. 10, Krishna Mkt. ,Lajpat Nagar,N. Delhi. prize CHITS (P) LTD. 2352, Sevak Bhawan,IIIrd Floor, Shop No. 9,Beadon Pura,Karol Bagh, N. Delhi. * Source Ministry of corporate AffairsBenefits of Chit funds Chit Fund is an attractive coronation extract which caters to people from all walks of life. It is specifically honest to the Salaried Class, Professionals, Businessmen and Self Employed. The uniqueness of Chit Fund as a method of Financial readiness stems from the fact that, it is both a putz for saving and borrowing. In other words, it serves the dual purpose of being an inv estment for your savings and in times of need the Subscriber can bid for the simoleons Amount in order to meet any unexpected expenditure. The benefits of Investing in Chit Fund are numerous. You can choose how much you want to save per month. Chit funds companies offers chits of various denominations and monthly subscriptions amount ranges from Rs 2500/=(Chit value Rs 1 lakh) to monthly subscription of Rs 1,25,000. * The rate of return is very high compared to other Investment Options and it is also secure form of Investment. * Your Monthly payments will be the Chit Subscription Amount minus the Dividend. The details of the Dividend entitled for Deduction and the Balance Amount payable shall be informed every month, which is mandatory. It inculcates the habit of saving and setting apart a particular amount every month towards investment for a showery day. * It is good for the Housewife to keep or save their small savings in Chit funds as they will get the money at the time of utm ost financial need for household purposes. * It is generally used by housewives, employees of same company, peer groups, friends, and family members or some associations. * If it is used in proper or genuine way then it is makes a worth to invest in chit funds (Organized or unorganized). Drawbacks Chit-funds do not offer any pre-determined or fixed returns. * Higher returns are earned when there are more number of members in the group or if the duration of the scheme is longer. * One would earn more, when more members need emergency funds. Thus returns cannot be calculated and decided when one joins the scheme. * No warrantor in unregistered chit fund companies. So there are more chances of getting hoax by these fraud companies. * Organizer gets benefited more from your savings. * No guarantee if fixed returns. * In chits interest earnings are lower than Fixed deposits (FD). High degree of risk is associated with chits, so relying on chit funds for saving could be more dangerous. * Chit does not make money it is just a mechanism for liquidity and emergency funds. * Many chit fund owners are collecting huge record book of money from the common people by making false promises to them. Many poor people of our state are being allured by these chit fund owners and depositing their hard-earned money. But the people are not getting back returns for their investments How to be a Safe investor in Chit FundsWith the plethora of chit fund companies around, the safety of a chit fund lies in choosing the right one. In a registered chit fund company, under legal binding, the activities are regulated and commit by the Chit Fund Act. And hence could be considered safe. However, other unregistered companies operating informally do exist. It has been also seen that depositors are being lured by chit funds companies or firms with higher returns than what banks offer them. These companies are also flourishing in the rural belts where banking penetration is low.One should cauti ously analyze the pros and cons before making investment in chit funds. Therefore one needs to exercise caution while choosing where he desires to invest. Chit funds definitely are an attractive weft for regular saving. It inculcates a disciplined approach to financial planning. It has the added advantage of bringing a combination of savings as well as hassle free borrowing. This dual purpose investment tool could be a friend in need at times of unexpected financial emergencies. Thence BE SAFE AND BE SELECTIVE while going for any chit fund schemes.Contemporary Issue on Chit Funds -The InvincibleAn contemporary issue report on CHIT FUNDS THE INVICIBLE 2013-2014 Made by Fakhruddin Badshah PREFACE This document sketches the the meaning, introduction, overview,its working,online chit funds, I threw some light on latest news about this sector and also tried to cover the latest upsteram and downsteam aspects of this sector (chit fund companies). My aim of writing on this issue is who wi ll going to stop the fraudulant activities being done by this companies. I chose this segemnt for my contemporay because this is going very common among the people in todays time.So I thought lets give away the the detail of this segment to the people. With the help of this document people will come to know what exactly going on in this domain. This sector is expanding rapidly like anything. This developments has become a catalyst for the growth of vigourous chit fund companies in all over India. So what provisions should be made to curb the alleged false practices done by these companies or segment. Thus it is the to think and act on it to protect the interest of small investors and their hard earned incomes. Index Introduction 5-7 Overview of chit fund 8How chit fund works 9-11 2012-2013 Highlighted News about chit-fund 12-13 Who will stop chit funds? 14-18 Report of MCA 18-21 Benefits 21-22 Drawbacks 23 Safety from Chit funds 24 CHIT FUNDS The Invincible Introduction A chit fun d is a type of savings scheme practiced in India, besides other forms of savings scheme offered by various public and private sector banks, post offices, insurance corporations etc. Chit Funds are indigenous financial institutions in India that cater to the financial needs of the low-income households, which have been excluded from the formal financial system. Chit, in the legal purview, means a transaction whether called chit, chit fund, chitty, kuri or by any other name by or under which a person enters into an agreement with a specified number of persons that every one of them shall subscribe a certain sum of money (or a certain quantity of grain instead in the case of villages) by way of periodical installments over a definite period and that each such subscriber shall, in his turn, as determined by lot or by auction or by tender or in such other manner as may be specified in the chit agreement, be entitled to the prize amount.In simple words, A chit fund is a savings-borrowing scheme, in which a group of people enter into an agreement to contribute fixed amounts periodically, for a specified period of time. The amount so collected (or the chit value) is distributed among each of the persons in turns, which is determined by way of lots or an auction. Chit funds provide an opportunity to save excess cash on a daily, weekly or monthly basis, and give an easy access to it in case of emergency. Chit funds are the Indian equivalent of the Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCA) that are famous throughout the world.ROSCAs are a means to save and borrow simultaneously. It is considered one of the best instruments to cater to the needs of the poor. It enables poor people to convert their small savings into lump sums. The concept of chit funds originated more than 1000 years ago. Initially it was in the form of an informal association of traders and households within communities, wherein the members contributed some money in return for an accumulated sum a t the end of the tenure. Participation in Chit funds was mainly for the purpose of purchasing some property or, in other words, for consumption purposes.However, in recent times, there have been tremendous alterations in the constitution and functioning of Chit funds. While in most places ROSCAs are user-owned and organized informally, in India, chit funds have been formally institutionalized as well. Legally recognized firms provide a variety of chit schemes. A Chit Fund can either be legally registered or unregistered. Registered Chit Funds, as the name suggests are being regulated under the various Chit Fund acts. While unregistered Chit Funds are unorganized and mostly run by the close friends, relatives or family members of the investor.Unregistered Chit Funds which exceed 100 ($2) in value are illegal in India, although it is very well known that unregistered Chit Fund industry is very popular in India, mainly in the rural and semi-urban area, where people have very little acc ess to the banking services and where financial illiteracy is more. The regulation of the Chit Fund industry was put in place by the Government of India to address the problem of misuse of informal Chit Funds by unscrupulous promoters and founders running away with the participants funds, leaving the members with little recourse to retrieve their money back.Chit funds in India are governed by various state or central laws. Organized chit fund schemes are required to register with the Registrar or Firms, Societies and Chits. Various Chit Fund Acts governing the industry in India are as under * Union Government Chit Funds Act 1982 (Except the State of Jammu and Kashmir) * Kerala Kerala Chitties Act 1975 * Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Chit Funds Act, 1961 * Karnataka The Chit Funds (Karnataka) Rules, 1983 * Andhra Pradesh The Andhra Pradesh Chit Funds Act, 1971 * New Delhi- The Chit Funds Act,1982 and Delhi Chit Funds Rules, 2007 * Maharashtra Maharashtra Chit Fund Act 1975 Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Chit Funds Act, 1975 * Goa, Daman & Diu The Goa, Daman and Diu Chit Funds Act, 1973 * Pudducherry/Pondicherry The Pondicherry Chit Funds Act, 1966. An overview of chit funds The economic development of a country depends upon the availability of resources. The main activities that contribute to the growth are production and employment. Production depends upon the inputs of the factors such as finance, raw materials, labor etc. The most important here bring finance, which is the chief mobilized of all the factors of production.In a money economy, finance for development initially comes from private savings. These private savings give to the secondary deposits this is where the financial institutions come into picture. Financial institutions occupy a central place in mobilizing savings from the people and make it available to the trade, commerce and industries either as a capital or loans. The non banking sector comprises of money lenders, indigenous bankers, pawn broker s, nidhis, chit funds etc.The origin of chit funds can be traced way back to the 17th century when the economic wizards of state of Malabar (now known as the state of Kerala) started this activity. Those were the people who actually founded this financial institution. It became so popular and numerous that people started adopting this activity as a profession by the 18th century all over. As the chit industry grew the number of people involved in this industry also grew. This gave rise to many misconceptions, frauds, mismanagement etc. , in this industry.To prevent this State Government of Travancore took the first initiative and introduced the first Chit Fund Regulation being the Chit Fund Act 1914. One important regulation introduced by this act was that of a commission payable to the foreman. The Act brought about a ceiling limit on the commission payable to the foreman that is 5% maximum which is still the same even to this date. How chit funds works Chit funds which are popular from a very long time but still some people dont know how exactly this chit fund works and invest their money illogically.This can be understood by the following procedure Lets say there are 20 people who come together and form a group. Each one will contribute Rs 1,000 per month and this will continue for next 20 months (equal to number of people in the group). In this group there will be one organizer, who will take the pain of fixing the meetings, collecting money from each other and then doing other procedures. So each month all these 20 people will meet on a particular day and deposit Rs 1,000 each. That will make a total of Rs 20,000 every month.Now there will be a bid on who will take this money. Naturally there will be few people who are in need of big amount because of some reason like some big expenses, liquidity crunch, business problem, Beti ki Shaadi etc etc Out of all the people who are in need of money, someone will bid the lowest amount, depending on how desperate h e is for this money. The person who bids for the lowest amount wins the bid. Suppose out of total 3 people who bid for 18,000, 17,000 and Rs 16,000, the one who bids the lowest will win.In this case its the person who has bid Rs 16,000. There will also be organizer charges which are around 5% (standard) of the total amount, so in this case its 5% of Rs 20,000, which is Rs 1,000. So out of the total 16,000 which this winner was going to get, Rs 1,000 will be deducted and the winner will get only Rs 15,000, Rs 1,000 will be organizer charges and Rs 4,000 is the profit, which will be shared by each and every member (all 20 people), it comes out to be Rs 200 per person, and it will be given back to all 20 members.So here you can see that the main winner took a big loss because of his desperate need of getting the money and others benefitted by it. So each person actually paid just 800, not 1,000 in this case (they got 200 back). Note that when a person takes the money after bidding, he cant bid from next time, only 19 people will be eligible for bidding. Now next month the same thing happens and suppose the best bid was Rs 18,000 , then winner will get 17,000 (after deducting the organizer fees) and the rest 2,000 will be divided back to people (Rs 100 each) . So each person is paying effectively Rs 900.This way each month all the people contribute the money, someone takes the money by bidding lowest, organizer gets his charges and the rest money is divided back to members. You will realize that the person who takes the money at the end will get all the money except organizer fee, as there is no one else to bid now. So the person will get around Rs 19,000 in the end, if you try to find out the returns which he got out of the whole deal, it will depend on two things, how much lower bids were each month and the fees paid to organizer, if bids and charges are very low, then a person will make more money at the cost of other situations.So this is pretty much how a chi t fund works, there are various versions of chit funds and how they work , but the idea was to communicate the basic model and how it works. Online Chit Funds is also running with pace of E-commerce With the advent of ecommerce in India, Chit funds have also started going online. Online chit funds conduct auctions online and subscribers can pay their monthly dues and receive prize amount online through online transactions including electronic fund transfers. Each member will have an online account through which they can manage their chit funds. 2012-2013 Highlighted News about chit-fund . Cunning strict approaches adopted by RBI to protect the investors from delusive acts of chit fund companies. 2. Last year in the month of December, The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) warned all the state governments about the mushrooming of chit funds and also written to them to take appropriate actions against them for duping depositors. 3. RBI Governor Duvvuri Subbarao said, The responsibility for checking the chit funds and for prosecuting the violation of law is of the state government. We have written to all the state governments to be vigilant about this and to take appropriate action. . D Subbarao also called for greater awareness among police and the general public for checking the proliferation of the chit funds in the country. 5. On 6th December 2012, Minister of State for Corporate Affairs RPN Singh said that 87 companies have come under the scanner for alleged irregularities related to chit fund schemes and money circulation in the garb of multi-level marketing. The Registrar of Companies (RoC) and its Regional Directors have been asked to scrutinize the balance sheets and inspect the books of accounts and other records of these 87 companies. . Indias market regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) had banned companies such as Rose Valley and MPS Greenery Developers from accepting deposits from the public. 7. The former chief minister also pointed it out that small savings through post offices and co-operatives has suffered a lot as many people are depositing their money to these chit funds expecting huge return. 8. In Bhubneshwar, The crime branch told that they are making a short documentary to sensitize people about illegal non-banking financial companies (NBFCs).The film will feature a host of financial management companies like Seashore, Ashore and Saffex, whose irregularities were exposed recently. The Economic offences wing (EOW) of the Crime Branch has registered at least 30 cases against several fraud companies in the past six months for embezzling public deposits after giving them false promise of high return. Senior functionaries (Head) of the companies were arrested and their bank accounts being ceased. 9. EOW also making plan to start a toll free number to protect people from fraudulent activities done by chit fund companies. 10.Government making steps towards the projection of model rules to check chit fund and ML M (Multi-level Marketing) frauds. The central government will soon make stringent provisions in place, like hefty financial penalty, jail terms, de-listing from the registrar of companies (RoC) roster, among others. Who will stop chit funds In October 2012, a women and her elder daughter were running a chit fund, committed suicide by consuming acid in Puthur in Trichy as they were unable to repay their investors. These women had started a Diwali chit fund in the year 2011 and attracted around 300 investors in the area.They had collected around 9lakh from the investors. As per norms, the chit fund company should have repaid the money with interest or given assured gifts to the investors before Diwali of the year 2012. When the investors pressurize the women, they decided to end their lives and consumed poison. Investors are helpless. This is not the only case there are numerous. Most chit fund investors are the rural poor and or small investors. Neither the victimized investors nor t he police bring to book the persons responsible. Only the poor agents remain in place from whom the money cannot be recovered.According to Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), there are 4256 listed or registered chit fund companies which are running their business in the country while India chit-fund association estimates that the country has in total 15000 (registered and unregistered) companies which manage billions of rupees worth of funds. ShriRam Capital, one of the largest players, operates in four southern states and manages over USD 800 million. Some hope that recent hiccups in Indias once-booming microfinance sector, whose rise was led by microcredit, could bring even more business their way.One can imagine how big the business is all over India. Too many regulators could not stop irregularities in chit funds. Everybody agrees that irregularities need to be stopped because these are causing harm to a lot of small investors. But the question is who will stop it? In 1978, whe n the RBI banned chit funds, it came under the ministry of corporate affairs as a collective investment scheme. Another way these companies work is through private placement of the non-convertible debentures or collective investment scheme. In this case, SEBI has the power to regulate it.Sahara and many other big names are in on it. Any debenture or private placement cannot be done by more than 50 people. In contrast, these kinds of companies collect money from thousands of investors. If the number of investors of share and debenture is more than 50, it needs to be registered in the market and the SEBI would control it. RBI wants the state government to take steps In this context, RBI has a different take. Subbarao, Governor, RBI, has advised the state governments to make their law stronger to save common investors from the chit fund trap.It has written letters to the states to develop a definite action plan to take step against these multi levels marketing player. Subbarao explaine d that RBI has no power to regulate chit funds. So, it has asked state government to take the initiative to prevent the mushrooming of money market agencies. RBI can train police and other legal bodies about chit funds but cannot instruct the police to do so. It is a state subject to plan and executes the prevention process of chit funds. Corporate Affairs ministry looking into itUnion corporate Affairs Minister Sachin Pilot has said that the central government is looking into the issue of some chit funds and the Ponzi scheme that allegedly dupe small investors by using legal loopholes. It would also encourage state government to take necessary action against these firms. These firms are now misusing the loopholes, pilot added. Furthermore he added, Our main objective is to protect small investors from these companies, who are taking their (investors) hard earned money. As many as 87 companies have come under the scanner for alleged irregularities related to chit fund schemes and m oney circulations.Minister of State for corporate Affairs R. P. N. Singh has informed the Rajya Sabha that the directions have been issued on the basis of specific complaints received by the ministry against these companies, which are alleged to be carrying on activities related to prize chit fund and money circulation in the garb of multi-level marketing. Legislative hodgepodge Singh further said that SFIO (Serious Fraud Investigation Office) has recommended setting up of a specific central regulatory agency for the implementation of the prize chit and money circulation scheme (Banning) act, 1978.The act is administered by the Department of Financial services (DFS) which has constituted an Inter-Ministerial Group consisting of representatives from DFS, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), RBI, Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Department of Consumer Affairs and Central. Report of Ministry of Corporate Affairs List of Companies not registered but found doing Chit Business Beware of these Companies. Never join them. M/s. P. V. R. Chits (P) Ltd. , B-50, Flatted Factories, Okhla Phase-III, N. Delhi-20. M/s. Narmal Chits (P) Ltd. , 1427, Gurudwara Road, Kotla Mubarakpur,N.Delhi-3. M/s. Sahara Chits (P) Ltd. , WZ/A-49, Krishna Park Extension, N. Delhi-18. M/s. Twenty Second Century Chit Fund (P) Ltd. , 4205-4206, Sant Nagar, Main Road, Rani Bagh, Delhi-34. M/s. Skylla Chits (P) Ltd. , D-223/115, Laxmi Chambers, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-92. M/s. Hari Vimal Chits (P) Ltd. , Shop No. 8, M. R. Market, Rangpuri, N. Delhi-70. M/s. Merchant Chits (P) Ltd. , CA-24/2, Tagore Garden, N. Delhi-27. M/s. Mehar Chits (P) Ltd. , IIIrd Floor, 528, Krishna Gali, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk, Delhi-6 M/s. Vinamar Chits (P) Ltd. , 170-E, Kamla Nagar, Delhi-7. M/s.Vinamar Chits (P) Ltd. , 272, Hakikat Nagar, Mall Road, Delhi-9. M/s. Well King Chits (P) Ltd. , C-47, Acharya Niketan, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I,Delhi-91. M/s. Aegis Chit Fund (P) Ltd. , E-484, Greater Kailash-II, Ne w Delhi-48. List of Companies which have been debarred from doing any Chit Fund business in Delhi NAME ADDRESS A. G. CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. ARJIT CHITS PVT. LTD. BHAGMAL CHITS PVT. LTD. CHOJI PRITAM CHITS PVT. LTD. DISHTI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. DIRECTOR Sh. Ajay Pandon DISHTI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. DIRECTOR Sh. Sudarshan Kapoor EK-ONKAAR CHIT FUND PVT.LTD. EROS FIN. CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. GIRDHAR CHITS PVT. LTD. GOLDEN BENEFIT CHITS PVT. LTD. J. KRISHNA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. J. V. CHITS PVT. LTD. KADS CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. KHAJANA CHITSPVT. LTD. LEAN CHITS PVT. LTD. MINCO CHITS PVT. LTD. NIKETAN CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PARVATI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PARVEEN CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. POMA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PROSPER CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. RITESH CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. ROHTGI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. ROYAL CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. RUHANI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. S. T. S. CHIT FUND PVT.LTD. SAFAL CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. SATSANGI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. SIMPLICITY CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. S UBHASH NAGAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. TRI NAGAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. VEDANTA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. YOG MAYA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. PARVARISH LEASING FIN. (P) LTD Shop No. 6, Mafare Garden, New Delhi M. V. A. CHIT FUND (P) LTD. Shop No. 10, Krishna Mkt. ,Lajpat Nagar,N. Delhi. HONOUR CHITS (P) LTD. 2352, Sevak Bhawan,IIIrd Floor, Shop No. 9,Beadon Pura,Karol Bagh, N. Delhi. * Source Ministry of corporate AffairsBenefits of Chit funds Chit Fund is an attractive Investment Option which caters to people from all walks of life. It is specifically beneficial to the Salaried Class, Professionals, Businessmen and Self Employed. The uniqueness of Chit Fund as a method of Financial Planning stems from the fact that, it is both a tool for saving and borrowing. In other words, it serves the dual purpose of being an investment for your savings and in times of need the Subscriber can bid for the Prize Amount in order to meet any unexpected expenditure. The benefits of Investing in Chit Fund a re numerous. You can choose how much you want to save per month. Chit funds companies offers chits of various denominations and monthly subscriptions amount ranges from Rs 2500/=(Chit value Rs 1 lakh) to monthly subscription of Rs 1,25,000. * The rate of return is very high compared to other Investment Options and it is also secure form of Investment. * Your Monthly payments will be the Chit Subscription Amount minus the Dividend. The details of the Dividend entitled for Deduction and the Balance Amount payable shall be informed every month, which is mandatory. It inculcates the habit of saving and setting apart a particular amount every month towards investment for a rainy day. * It is good for the Housewife to keep or save their small savings in Chit funds as they will get the money at the time of utmost financial need for household purposes. * It is generally used by housewives, employees of same company, peer groups, friends, and family members or some associations. * If it is u sed in proper or genuine way then it is makes a worth to invest in chit funds (Organized or unorganized). Drawbacks Chit-funds do not offer any pre-determined or fixed returns. * Higher returns are earned when there are more number of members in the group or if the duration of the scheme is longer. * One would earn more, when more members need emergency funds. Thus returns cannot be calculated and decided when one joins the scheme. * No security in unregistered chit fund companies. So there are more chances of getting hoax by these fraud companies. * Organizer gets benefited more from your savings. * No guarantee if fixed returns. * In chits interest earnings are lower than Fixed deposits (FD). High degree of risk is associated with chits, so relying on chit funds for saving could be more dangerous. * Chit does not make money it is just a mechanism for liquidity and emergency funds. * Many chit fund owners are collecting huge volume of money from the common people by making false pr omises to them. Many poor people of our state are being allured by these chit fund owners and depositing their hard-earned money. But the people are not getting back returns for their investments How to be a Safe investor in Chit FundsWith the plethora of chit fund companies around, the safety of a chit fund lies in choosing the right one. In a registered chit fund company, under legal binding, the activities are regulated and institutionalized by the Chit Fund Act. And hence could be considered safe. However, other unregistered companies operating informally do exist. It has been also seen that depositors are being lured by chit funds companies or firms with higher returns than what banks offer them. These companies are also flourishing in the rural belts where banking penetration is low.One should carefully analyze the pros and cons before making investment in chit funds. Therefore one needs to exercise caution while choosing where he desires to invest. Chit funds definitely are a n attractive option for regular saving. It inculcates a disciplined approach to financial planning. It has the added advantage of bringing a combination of savings as well as hassle free borrowing. This dual purpose investment tool could be a friend in need at times of unexpected financial emergencies. Thence BE SAFE AND BE SELECTIVE while going for any chit fund schemes.