In Defense of Food Essay Example for Free

In Defense of Food EssayAfter learning so much from Pollans exposition in the low gear two parts, one can only imagine how damaging it is to human health and well being if people were to continue adapting the Western livenessstyle. First of all, to the diet industry that clogs Western society with thousands of food products, we are but a link to their chain of processed foods that (and not who) consume in volumes than quality. Naturally, we lose our share of that of a contributor to the food chain. Rather we are just end users, frolicking from one set of information to an separate(prenominal) and of course, from a bunch of food products to another as we try to figure out the way to good health. Yet no one seems to notice and address this concern for real. I had also been wonder what to eat and how and this book achieved what it purported to answer. But coming from Western society that consumes their publication pages with updates from research or studies conducted here and there, these same questions are interesting.However, there are no readily available and truthful answers to be found in health claims and food labels. A great deal of time and explanation are require before arriving at one sweeping answer. Pollans book highlighted a mine of curious discoveries in answer to this. Including that some studies that could flag the food industry are stashed in corners of libraries not getting widespread media attention. These are hidden the same way farmers produce are stashed aside waiting for an extensively question person to find and spread its results around.This is probably because there are no economic incentives involved in heralding the valid issues and concerns presented in such studies. Consider the findings that unsaturated fats and other substances in processed foods do not actually make a difference in the prevention of chronic diseases. This information is clogged and buried at the bottom of the heap of the food industrys multi bil lion dollar advertised claims. However, Pollan successfully searched and provided thorough answers to these questions and even recommends what and how to eat in the ordinal part.I particularly liked the part about healthy eating enhanced by social relations. It gives me more reason to value the tradition, cuisine and assimilation I grew up in and not adapt the Western lifestyle eating food products or buying from supermarkets instead of the farmers market. Where I am from (Turkey), both meal is prepared from scratch and these are mostly whole foods or organic produce. Before it is laid on the table, there go the activities essential to relations preparing food together, learning beautyes from our mother, aunts, uncles or grandparents even from elder siblings.And that is just one part of the cycle. Thus, in a social sense, I sure agree that there is synergy in the finishing end of the cycle of food preparation from soil to table. And such is concocted from growing or planting i t in the soil up until it is finally eaten. May it well be that the contribution of every individual involved in the natural food chain adds up to the final food that is more than the sum of its parts? For instance, there are associations that come to mind when we think of food or eating.One of them would be celebration. Be it a celebration of life, innocence, joy, or transitions, failures, pain or the whole spectrum of feelings that come with it. Even faith and the belief that there is some power stronger and bigger than we are that made all such foods available for us to savor and enjoy. And memories seem to make the food taste even better and signal to our bodily systems, increase satiety. For me, food not only speaks for what it is made of or the nutrients it is composed of.It speaks so much about who we are as persons, what we value and how we pay respects to other parts in the eco system in which we thrive. Therefore with every meal we enjoy come cherished memories of miscel laneous points in our lives, shared with extended family or the community. And at every turn, we give due respect and thanks to one vital part of each celebration generous nature that breathes life into every produce that make up each meal. Many people across different cultures and in fact even within the same culture or society have differing allusions or associations to food.In some universe of discourses, commonly in the West, it may extremely be a negative symbol that precedes revulsion or a compulsively positive one as comfort foods. Thus eating becomes an act of a functional necessity, an interruption of a seeming life lived in the fast lane. Being a consumer society that thrives on convenience, they might not have the time or energy to invest in food preparation from scratch like finding pure unadulterated natural produce and savor the scent, color and distinct tang that come with every dish prepared from it.But however different cultures may view food and eating, it remain s apparent that the Western lifestyle brings in a lot of diseases into its population or other societies that choose this way to live. It obviously is not a healthy way to conduct our lives, as was stressed out in various points of the book. It becomes a wise and healthy choice therefore, to eat healthy by patronizing fresh produce from farms as opposed to food products, and savor meals within the context of relations to get the most out of every dish.

Right to education in India Essay Example for Free

full to learning in India EssayAbstr impress Everyone has the estimable to bringing up. reproduction shall be free, at least in the elemental and fundamental stages. elementary education shall be compulsory. (Article 26 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights). This UN recomm curioation has been reinforced in the preparations of the Right of Children to light and Compulsory learning (RTE) telephone number (2009), which came into effect in India on 1 April 2010, enshrining in law for the first era the responsibilitys of all Indian children aged between six and fourteen eld to free and compulsory elementary education regardless of caste, class, gender, etc. After 62 year of independence, The Union of India has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right for every child between the age of 6to 14. Now India has joined the group of those countries who provide for integral guarantee to free and compulsory education. The enforcement of this right is th e joint responsibility of the centre and the state with even the local bodies playing their role in its functioning. The present paper sh atomic number 18s the historical perspective, salient features, critical digest of the act, the problems ahead and suggests ways to overcome them.IndexContent Page number Introduction 4 Historical perspective 5 Salient features 6 critique 7 Challenges ahead 9 Suggestions 11 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction direction is a fundamental human right and essential for the execute of all other human rights. It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits. Yet millions of children and adults remain deprived of educational opportunities, m any(prenominal) as a result of poverty. Normative instruments of the United Nations and UNESCO lay down international legal obligations for the right to education.These instruments promote and develop the right of every person to enjoy nettle to education of good qual ity, without discrimination or exclusion. These instruments bear witness to the great importance that Member States and the international association attach to normative action for realizing the right to education. It is for presidencys to fulfill their obligations both legal and political in regard to providing education for all of good quality and to implement and monitor more effectively education strategies.Education is a powerful tool by which economically and socially marginalized adults and children can lift themselves out of poverty and participate fully as citizens. Education system was in a huge problem right after at the time of independence. It was at a lower place Prime Minister Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpai that educatory reforms were made. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was a massive measuring stick with what followed by mid day meal. Objective 1. To determine the problems in the right of children to free and compulsory education act, 2009. 2. To find out the problems in present and early after the amendment.3. To find out effective solutions for the same. Historical perspective At the time of Independence, India inherited an educational system which was non only quantitatively little but was also characterized by striking gender and regional disparities. Only one child out of three had been enrolled in primary shoal. Thus quarrel was to provide elementary education to all its children indoors a stipulated period of time. Accordingly, universal education for all children in the 6-14 age groups became a constitutional provision by Article 45 of the Constitution.Special care of the economic and educational interests of the under privileged sectionalizations of the population also became a constitutional obligation. But these constitutional provisions still remain unfulfilled. brasss commitment to ensure elementary education for all children aged 6-14 old age was later seen in its ambitious platform named Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Free and compulsory el ementary education was made a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution in December 2002 by the 86th Amendment. In deliverance this into action, the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Bill was drafted in 2005.This was revised and became an Act in August 2009, but was enforced on 1st April 2010. The Right to Education Act will benefit about one crore out-of- initiate children and a large number of drop-out children. As per an estimate, out of 22 crore children in the 6-14 years age group in the country, 4. 6 percent children have no enrolment in any school. Salient Features The Right to Education Act is a detailed and comprehensive piece of legislation which includes provisions related to schools, instructors, curriculum, evaluation, access and specific division of duties and responsibilities of all concerned.Main features of the Act are as under 1. Every child from 6 to 14 years of age shall have the right to free and compulsory education in a neighb orhood school till completion of elementary education 2. Private schools shall provide 25 percent reservation for weaker sections and economically disadvantaged groups in the admission. 3. All schools except regimen schools are required to meet all specified norms and standards within three years to invalidate cancellation of their recognition. 4. The act calls for a fixed pupil-teacher ratio, i. e. 301 5. The act mandates emolument in quality of education 6.Financial burden shall be shared between Central and State Governments Criticism 1. It is stated in section 3(1) that every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall have the right to free and compulsory education in a neighborhood school till completion of elementary education. Criticism right and compulsory are two contradictory terms and thus it should be stated in duties of a parent and guardians to make sure their children get their right just like in China in their article 46 amended in 2006, although it has its straw man in section 10 but there is no punishment stated on failure to do so.The age for education is also not justified. There should also be free education for the youth and adults who are uneducated and there also should be fit stress levied upon pre schooling as a child might not be able to cope with the intellectual needs required in standard one without it. 2. It is stated in section 6 that for carrying out the provisions of this Act, the appropriate Government and the local authority shall establish, within such(prenominal) area or limits of neighborhood, as whitethorn be prescribed, a school, where it is not so complete, within a period of three years from the commencement of this Act.Criticism The period for the following is far too bulky as a school as per government norms moldiness have a huge open space and varied classrooms for each year with a strength not exceeding 30 students. This can be reached in one year and so a time limit of 18 months wouldve been adequate rather than delaying it more by another year and a half. 3.It is stated in section 8 (a) that provide free and compulsory elementary education to every child Provided that where a child is admitted by his or her parents or guardian, as the case may be, in a school other than a school established, owned, controlled or substantially financed by funds provided directly or indirectly by the appropriate Government or a local authority, such child or his or her parents or guardian, as the case maybe, shall not be entitled to make a claim of reimbursement of expenditure incurred on elementary education of the child in such other school.And in section 18 No school established, owned or controlled by the appropriate Government or a local authority shall, after the commencement of this Act, be established or function, without obtaining a certificate of recognition from such authority, by make an application in such form and manner, as may be prescribed. Criticism trust bodies and private tu toring as been availed by our former prime pastor Jawaharlal Nehru, both are discouraged. 4. It is stated in section 16 that No child admitted in a school shall be held back in any class or expelled from school till the completion of elementary education.Criticism This may result in lack of seriousness for education and in the end result in failure after elementary education. 5. It is stated in section 17(1) No child shall be subjected to physical or mental harassment. And in 17(2) whoever contravenes the provisions of subsection (1) shall be liable to disciplinary action under the service rules applicable to such person. Criticism the remote areas where the adults and youth are un-educated may face problems in putting forward a case for the same rather a special committee under education board must look into such issue. Challenges ahead 1. State Governments ApathyLack of Promptness / Commitment Poor economic conditions of the States 2. Availability of Infrastructure Facilities Est ablishment of Primary Schools within one kilometer and upper Primary Schools within three kilometer distance. Well equipped classrooms, library, laboratory, play ground, drinking water and toilet facilities 3. Availability of Teachers and mandatory Pupil-Teacher Ratio Five lacks new teachers are to be recruited and 5 lacks new classrooms are to be constructed to meet the required 30 1 pupil teacher ratio. There are seven lacks teachers in the recognized 13 lacks primary schools.Out of these, three lacks teachers are either untrained or under-training. In more states large numbers of teachers are para-teachers and many of them are untrained. As per a recent report by NUEPA, Bihar tops amongst the states having poor pupil-teacher ratio and Uttar Pradesh comes at irregular place. In about 35 percent primary schools in Uttar Pradesh, pupil teacher ratio is 601. Fifty one percent primary schools in Uttar Pradesh are having three or less number of teachers. Out of these, 38 percent are para-teachers. In the present circumstances, to maintain pupil-teacher ratio as per the Act, appears a distant dream.4. Quality of Education Quality of education depends upon the quality of teachers. Teachers selection and training procedure and their conditions of work need a substantial improvement. Teachers accountability to the pupils, their parents, and the community and to their own profession needs to be determined. 5. Twenty Five Percent Reservation of Seats in Private Schools What will be the identification, selection and impediment of economically weaker and disadvantaged children? Would they be selected from the neighborhood or from the entire village/town/city? How the alone process will be monitored by the government?Suggestions In the light of the challenges discussed earlier, following are some suggestions which may be helpful to meet the challenges 1. The state governments are required to show promptness for the executing of the RTE Act. The states who have not yet released any notification regarding the Act must do it without any further delay. The Central Government should impose a time limit to release funds to the states. If any state government still shows apathy to release notification, then no funds should be released by the gist to that state for the establishment of new schools.State governments should show full commitment for the implementation of the Act. 2. Primary schools with all minimum required infrastructure facilities should be established in the neglected areas on priority basis. Central government should release budget of its share to the states at the earliest. Facilities in the existing government schools should be expanded. To avoid the closure of unrecognized private schools for not fulfilling the prescribed recognition standards within three years, these schools must be helped to improve their facilities by resource support and providing linkages with pecuniary institutions.To meet budgetary constraints, stress must be given on cost effectiveness and accountability at every level. 3. To meet the increasing imply of qualified and trained full time teachers, the teachers in required number must be recruited at the earliest. Pupil-teacher ratio must be maintained as per requirement. As more and more children move into the primary school age group, it becomes needful to build more and more schools and recruit more teachers for sustained improvement in the quality of education. 4.Primary schools need to be made aware of the provisions made for 25 percent reservation of seats for the economically and socially weaker and disadvantaged children and the role of school managing committees in this regard. The identification, selection and verification procedure of such children should be well defined and well informed. It should also be notified that how the whole process will be monitored. 5. There is need to streamline educational cheek. The pace of implementation of the Act can become faster if bott lenecks in administration are removed.Altogether, it is essential to adopt an integrated approach and establish linkages between education and other related areas such as child care, nutrition and health. for each one state should formulate a State Program of Action and each district and school should formulate a Program of Action of its own by taking into account the State Program of Action. 6. Teachers performance is the most crucial input in the field of education. Well qualified and highly motivated teachers are the key to effective implementation of the curriculum. They give impetus to the teaching-learning process.Top priority, therefore, should be fixed for the improvement in the quality and content of teacher education program 7. While the Central and State Governments have their full share of responsibilities, it is community participation and involvement of NGOs which will make marked difference in come across the challenge of implementing Right to Education Act. 8. To a chieve the goals of Free and Compulsory Elementary Education, it is of upmost importance to develop curricula that is responsive to changing needs and facilitates the incorporation and integrating of new content areas related to science, technology, population and the environment.Conclusion In order to meet the challenges and surmount the hurdles that stand in the way of implementing Right to Education Act, it is needful to concentrate all efforts with full dedication and commitment. Not only the central and state governments but the nation as a whole should bewilder responsibility in this regard. Community participation and support can make marked difference in achieving this goal. There exists a need for greater coordination amongst different agencies and functionaries involved in this task.To overcome population pressures and budgetary constraints, cost effectiveness and accountability must be ascertained at every level. Efforts should be focussed on qualitative improvement of the whole program. References The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act, 2009). Education and National Development, Report of the Education Commission (1964-66), NCERT, New Delhi, 1971. Challenges of Educationa policy perspective, Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, New Delhi, August 1985.National Policy on Education 1986, Ministry of Human alternative Development, Govt. of India, Dept. of Education, New Delhi, May, 1986. Towards an Enlightened and Humane Society, Report of the citizens committee for Review of National Policy on Education 1986, Final Report, 26th Dec. 1990. National Policy on Education1986 (With Modifications undertaken in 1992), Ministry of Human Resource Development, discussion section of Education, New Delhi, 1992. National Policy on Education 1986, Programme of Action, 1992, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Education, Govt. of India, 1993.Education for All The Indian Scene, Department of Education, Min istry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, Dec. 1993. Sixth All India Educational Survey, Selected Statistics, NCERT, New Delhi, 1998. Seventh All India School Education Survey, Provisional Statistics, N. C. E. R. T. , New Delhi, Sep. 30, 2002. National political platform Framework, 2005, N. C. E. R. T. , New Delhi. National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education, N. C. T. E. , New Delhi, 200910. The gazette of extraordinary India http//www. unesco. org/new/en/education/themes/leading-the-international-agenda/right-to-education/.

A Day When Everything Went Worng Essay Example for Free

A Day When Everything Went Worng EssayI just cannot think myself lucky when a day of my life goes totally wrong. Recently after startle university a day made me totally upset and frustrated. It was a normal day provided my mobile did not give any alarm in the morning so I woke up late. While I was in hurry for university my mother told me that our driver did not come today so I had to go alone. I lived in Dhanmondi and the university was in Bashundhara so I had to take a CNG for university. As soon as I reached Nabisco the CNG had stopped. I asked what happened to the CNG driver.He answered me that the muff was finished and he had to refill it immediately. As I was late before I just came out from the CNG and hired another one. Finally I reached to the university but it was 10 minutes late. I saw that everyone was writing in the class. When I asked what was going on, they replied me that miss was taking a surprise test. My heart was biting steadfast but when I heard about t he test it started biting faster. After the class I went to the cafe for a cold drink but I found that I had only 50 taka with me.See more Defining research problem and setting objectives EssayThen I remembered that in chafe I forget to take money from mother for CNG rent and I already paid 180 taka to the CNG when I came here. So, I had no money for pabulum at the same time no money for further CNG rent. I had to take busbar for home but I never had a bus ride alone before. After asking some of my friends I got an idea about the bus counter here. Then I went there and took a bus. When I heard the bus conductor was screaming New Market, I found that I was in the wrong bus. This bus was in untried grocery but I should take a bus which had a stoppage in Kolabagan.Since I had nothing to do, I had to get off in new market and took a rickshaw. When finally I was in home it was 6 pm. As long as I met with my mom I saw she was acquire ready for going out and she was looking tensed. I asked her what happened. She answered me that one of my aunts was in hospital and maybe she had cancer. I just suddenly became blank. What should I do now? After a while I decided to go with my mom. We were there in the hospital till late night. When I reached home I fantasy about the whole day and marked it as a totally wrong day of my life.

Environmental conditions: Apple iTunes in the UK

Environmental conditions apple iTunes in the UK1. IntroductionThe following report will communicate out an assessment of the macro and micro purlieual conditions that ar likely to impact upon apple iTunes indoors the United Kingdom. The analysis which will be carried out will include an assessment of the degree of the affright or the opportunities posed by the existing and potence tilt. iTunes is a digital media player application which is used for playing and organising digital and video files. iTunes to a fault connects to the iTunes storehouse via the internet to purchase and download harmony, medication videos, television commemorates, applications, games, audio books and podcasts.The Music attention has radically swapd in the last couple of years, thanks to the increasing insight of broad batch, which has made it progressively convenient for unison l everywheres to buy via the web, this has the nonion of promoting digital downloads. Content owners fork over b een hit by the increasing problem of amerciable downloading which has had the effect of devaluating the value of medicinal drug for an entire generation of youth. (Mintel 2009) After its launch in 2002 Apples iTunes has come to dominate the music speech communication business in galore(postnominal) countries close to the world, including the United Kingdom. Using a number of tools which opine at both the micro and macro environment, and dissimilar analysis I will draw galore(postnominal) conclusions whether thither is a likelihood of continued success for Apple iTunes in the future.2. What is Apple iTunes?iTunes is a forgive application for your Mac or PC it organises your digital music and video on your computer. It syncs all your media with you iPod, iPhone and Apple TV. It is also a store on your computer it has everything you need to be entertained whatsoeverwhere, anytime. (Apple 2010) Apple iTunes was bluely- dieed in early 2002 and has developed ever since in relat ion to Apples continued success with their portable media player the iPod. Ever since 2002 legion(predicate) new features nurture been added to iTunes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as in April 2003 when version 4.0 of Apple iTunes was released which added the feature of the iTunes Store, to exact it the success of what it is today. (Apple 2004)3. Apple iTunes Market PositionThe music attention has witnessed a large change over the last few years this is overimputable to many reasons. One thoroughgoing change has been the increasing user usage of broadband technology, the change magnitude whet and to a greater extent people adopting the technology has led to consumers to view downloading music via the web to be convenient and simple. This development originally led many of the conventional high street retailers such as HMV to start selling music online in CD format. In more upstart times music both hotshot tracks and albums abide become more and more easily accessible f or the average consumer due to the continued popularity of function such as Apple iTunes.3.1 Market info on The Music IndustryIn January 2009 the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) predicted that the UK will spend over 600 million on digital music in 2012 (Mintel 2009). As you freighter fill from (Appendix 2) downloads atomic number 18 dominated by singles or the download of individual tracks. alone iTunes and other digital competitors are looking at improving the way in which they are grocery storeing to consumers hopping to persuade them to purchase more albums digitally. Also in (Appendix 2) using BPI figures it shows the demand for single downloads has extendd by a massive 340% from 2004-2009, where by the sale of single music in physical format has decreased by 850%. The same trend can be seen for album gross sales as well.As you can see from the table in (Appendix 1) pre-recorded music sales are continually moving from the traditional music stores, super market plac es etceterato the internet to gos such as iTunes. Over a period from 2007-2009 there was a 6% increase of sales of pre-recorded music on the internet, where as other means of selling/distri entirelying pre-recorded music saw a considerable decrease year on year over the same period.The music assiduity has seen revenue decrease by 4% in 2008 and it is predicted that this trend will likely continue. Although digital distri furtherion of music will manipulate the be involved when selling music will be dramatically lower, this will lead to increased profit margins for legal music sales in the future. Mintel has forecasted that the music market will continue for the bordering few years until 2013 to continue to decline. The market will see a dramatic fall of 33% of new expenses from 2008-2013, 2009 saw the biggest drop which was 16% (Appendix 3). This is all due to a number of contributing factors, the main being that frugal conditions are poised to remain questionable which ha mpers consumer confidence. (Mintel 2009)3.2 Music Market Industry Key Points/FindingsThe music industry has changed in recent years due to the study(ip) rise in downloadable content which is seen as more appropriate due to the rise of the portable media player as well as it being much easier for consumers to get hold of music, by hardly downloading. The following will outline some spot findings from the Music Industry which Apple iTunes affiance at heart.* The music market for digital download retailers market persona will continue to grow with many new entrants looking to move into the market where Apple iTunes dominate by fling digital rights management (DRM) free tracks. (Mintel 2009)* The Dominance of iTunes will remain until new entrants are established. (Mintel 2009)Over recent years ever since the download revolution began there has been one major retailer, iTunes. They live with been seen as a threat to major music labels, to counter this threat major labels eat gra nter DRM free tracks to many other retailers to encourage completion in the market place. This move looks to have changed the market place in the future by allowing the consumer to have more choice where they choose to purchase/download there music. (Harvey 2009)3.2 CompetitorsIt is vitally important when analysing the market which Apple iTunes operate within to outline their competitors. Many different competitors can come upon Apples performance within the market, the competitors can be categorised into direct, close, substitute or indirect competitors. It is vitally important to analyse all of these competitors because they will all affect Apple iTunes in some aspect. As you can see from (Appendix 5) it shows all of the possible competitors within the industry, Apple in 2008 had a market share of 80% Apple the market leader with an80 per cent market share (Lynch 2009) which means there are at least 25 sloppeds who are in (Appendix 5) and many other firms battling it out for the stay 20% of the market. Apple have been able to gain such a large market share with little or no contestation due the agreement they had with the major record labels such as Sony/BMG, Vivendi Universal, Warner and EMG up until 2007 Apple were the market leaders and were starting to begin to range prices to the record labels which began to dispatch them worried that they had originally given away to much to Apple iTunes. The record companies realised that Apple had gained dominance of the music on-line delivery industry and could dictate prices to the record companies. As a result, the record companies decided to drop DRM in all and encourage other delivery companies to enter the industry they needed some competition for Apple. (Lynch 2009)Once DRM free music began to be readily available it enticed many new businesses into the market, in the table in (Appendix 5) you can see the many firms who have seen how sure-fire iTunes has been and they would like to gain some of the suc cess which Apple has created for itself with iTunes. Direct competitors are those who offer a very similar service to what iTunes offers firms such as Amazon, HMV Digital, and Tesco Digital are all looking to break the dominance of Apple by offering a similar service but by offering the tracks at much cheaper price, due to them wanting to break into the industry. While Apple raised prices, competitors cut theirs. Amazon, the online retailer, cut the price of many of its top-selling music downloads on Monday to 29p as it competes for a larger share of the digital music market. (Ahmed 2009)Close competition are businesses which offer a similar service to what iTunes offers but are not in direct completion, these are firms such as subscription based services of Napster, Sky Songs and eMusic as well as bundled download services run by both Nokia and Omnifone which are Comes With Music and Music Station respectively as well as services run by the major mobile ne bothrks within the UK suc h as O2 and Orange. Competition which is classed as substitutes to the service which iTunes offers are firms which offer a different service to iTunes but could be used instead by potential customers. These are businesses such as Spotify and We7 who offer free music for users but the service contains many adverts which make the service free, the revenue is all ad driven. Also substitute services are business which use the latest web technology which is streaming, firms such as YouTube, MySpace Music and Last.fm are all services which are free and legal allow users to listen to music online but not actually download and put onto a portable media player, such as the iPod. New services like Spotify give us hope for the future, but physical sales continue to fall and even digital services bark to compete with free illegal music. (Mostrous 2010) Substitute services such as Spotify which are free to the consumer may the future of music as they offer a service which costs nothing and is legal.Indirect competition, is a service which is completely different to what is offered by iTunes. Sony has started to promote and sell the e-book reader, which is a similar idea to the iPod but instead of music allows users to download books and read them on a screen. It seems the traditional gift wrapped tome is being trumped by downloads, after Amazon customers bought more e-books than printed books for the starting signal time on Christmas Day. The department store chain John Lewis highlighted the popularity of e-readers this Christmas, reporting a jump in sales of Sonys eBook readers. (Allen 2009) The music market when from physical music CDs etc to digital downloads, now the book market looks to go a similar way by offering the user to read books in a digital format.4. Macro Environmental FactorsThe macro environment is the major external and un fudgelable factors that have an influence on the organisations ability to make decisions and also can affect the strategy and the performance. The macro environment looks to include many factors such as economic, legal, social, governmental and technological changes. (Grant 2005) Included in the following section of the report a PESTEL analysis will be carried out of Apple iTunes which is a framework which looks at the macro environmental factors any business faces in the external environment, also an industry life cycle will be carried out.4.1 PESTEL AnalysisThis model is a way of looking at Apple iTunes macro environment it looks at the six key factors of the external environment, Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. The following section of the report will use this framework to look at the key factors effecting Apple iTunes in the macro environment. (Masterson 2004)Firstly, political this looks at if there are any pressures from the government or associated bodies, also any potential pressure from other business such as the major record labels such as Sony/BMG in Apple iTun es case. A breakthrough occurred when Apple iTunes made a deal with the record industry in 2002 which revolutionised the music industry. For the first time it was possible to download music for a payment without the problems of DRM which had become frustrating for consumers. By 2008 iTunes was the market leader with a massive market share of 80%, before this in 2007 the major record companies began to realise they had given away too much to Apple. iTunes had gained dominance in the market and were in a position to dictate prices to the record companies, this had the result in record companies dropping DRM and encouraging new entrants into the market to compete with Apple iTunes. The first two new entrants which tried to break up the dominance of iTunes were Nokia and Amazon. (Lynch 2009) Censorship can cause a great deal of problems for a service such as iTunes, in the build up to the Olympic Games in Beijing, China iTunes was selling on its iTunes Store a Tibetan album. Due to the political unrest between Tibet and China, the Chinese government blocked the use of the iTunes Store Parts of iTunes are blocked in China access to iTunes store is completely restricted in the majority of China. (Branigan 2008)side by side(p) is Economic, which looks at how Apple iTunes will be affected by the macroeconomic environment. The UK economy still remains in a recession which has effects for all of Apple iTunes potential customers within the UK market, consumers are unlikely to be willing to purchase luxury goods such as the music iTunes offer within its online store. This is due to aims of disposable income is not at the levels of previous times, also due to low levels of disposable income Apple iTunes will see very few new customers as people who have not experienced downloading music before may not even have a computer so will not go out and purchase one in these times. Although many experts deal the UK economy will begin to show some growth in the near future, the e conomy will still be in a recession, officially the recession has not yet ended. Analysts believe that fourth quarter figures will show the economy returning to growth. (BBC Business watchword 2009) It is extremely important for Apple to be aware of the economic factors within the macro environment.Thirdly social, this looks at the demographics and the trends within the market which Apple iTunes operate within. This part of the PESTLE analysis will outline a few key trends which detail the market place Apple iTunes operate within.* 16-24 year olds are more likely to favour downloading music.(Mintel 2009)* Over 45s are less likely to download, due to being concerned about quality and equipment and compatibility issues, this is linked to the understanding of technical development, also unsure what is legal and what is not. (Mintel 2009)* The amount of Internet usage is a massive influence on consumers views. (Mintel 2009)The above trends allow Apple iTunes to target certain sectors o f the market place, they would look to continue to target their products to the 16-24 market place, but would look to develop a bigger customer group within the over 45s by possibly educating these customers on how iTunes works.Next is Technological, technology is changing constantly at an peculiar rate and has created many opportunities which Apple iTunes have adopted. The broadband revolution has meant a facility has been created for consumers to access music at a reduced price compared to regulation hard copy media. Also continued innovation by Apple for new products, such as the lasts iPhone 3GS has meant more people are using the iTunes service, fastest, or so positionful iPhone yet the 3GS (Blake 2009) The Music industry has radically changed in the last couple of years due to technology, thanks to the increasing penetration of broadband, which has made it increasingly convenient for music lovers to buy via the web, this has the effect of promoting digital downloads.Enviro nmental is the fifth factor of the PESTEL framework this looks at the how the performance of Apple iTunes effects the environment which they operate within. Apple is aware of the environmental factors within the industry and is trying to off driven the damages they cause, We account for everything, including out products. Apple reports environmental impact comprehensively, we do this by focusing on our products what when we design them, what happens when we make them and what happens when you take them home and use them. (Apple Environment 2010) Apple seems to be very aware about that negative impacts of fruit and of consumers using their products, they are aware of the need for themselves to be socially responsible.Finally legal, this is a massive aspect for a firm such as Apple iTunes as there are many legal aspects to how they operate within the market place. Also it is important they are aware of the illegal actions potential customers carry out within the market. Illegal downl oads is continuing to grow despite the many actions carried out across the industry, The issue of illegal downloading remains a problem that is set to persist. Although various efforts are being made by those in the sector to minimise the problem there is no easy solution. (Mintel 2007) Below are two key findings for the UK market which Apple iTunes need to be aware of as it shows that UK consumers are attracted to the prospect of illegal downloads.* Consumers favour illegal downloads due to their lack of cost.* heavy downloaders are further encourages to continue by the lack of legislation against file sharing from the authorities. (Mintel 2007) 4.2 Industry Life CycleThe industry life cycle is the supply-side equivalent weight of the product life cycle it is made up of four key phases, Introduction (Emergence), Growth, Maturity and Decline. There are two main factors which are fundamental which lead to industry evolution they are demand growth and the creation and diffusion of a cquaintance. Demand growth is when the life cycle and the changes with in it are delineate primarily by changes in an industries growth rate over time. The second major driving force of the industry life cycle is knowledge. New knowledge in the form of production innovation is responsible for an industrys creation. The dual process of both knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion is to exert a major influence on industry evolution. (Grant 2005)Apple iTunes are positioned on the industry life cycle on the maturity symbolise, (Appendix 4) they have just entered the maturity stage from experiencing rapid growth to be the market leaders in digital music distribution. They show many of the characteristics of the maturity stage, they are dealing with the mass market having many millions of customers although they need to be aware that potential customers now are begging to become more sensitive to price due to the current economic climate but more so due to the ever increasing competi tion of price within the market place. The omnipresent iTunes has triumphed over its digital-market competition, providing three-quarters of the online sales in the market. But it isnt the only show in town there is a huge amount of competition, not just on the service offered but primarily on the price which music is sold for. (Robin 2008) Other characteristics which show that Apple iTunes are in the maturity stage are that they are introducing new products that are continually being innovative by adapting the iTunes service, such as adding additions to the iTunes Store and extra features.5. Micro Environmental FactorsThe Micro Environment factors are that what affects an organisations immediate sphere of influence of operations. It affects the decision making and the overall performance of the business the factors which it looks at are customers, distribution channels and competitors. (Grant 2005)In this section of the report I will look to adapt the porters cinque forces model which will then be applied to Apple iTunes, which will allow for analysing the five key forces that shape the industry. 5.1 Porters 5 ForcesPorters five forces analysis helps firms to analyse the strength of competitive threats and is particularly useful to Apple iTunes as it allows them to analyse the competitive environment. The model focuses on the competition and the talk terms actor in the supply chain suppliers through to customers. The model is made up of five forces they are threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers and the industry competitors. (Masterson 2004)Firstly threat of new entrants this looks at the activities of potential competitors as well as existing competitors within the market place. In 2007 the major record labels began to realise that they had given iTunes too much power over the digital music market and were able to dictate the price they wanted to pay to the major record labels, Apple iTun es was now the biggest firm in the industry with over 80% of the market. As a result, the record companies decided to drop DRM completely and encourage other delivery companies to enter the industry they needed some competition for Apple. (Lynch 2009) DRM free tracks were introduced to create new entrants into the market, which it has succeeded in doing which has meant Apple iTunes now has many major competitors to its dominance. iTunes have the highest market share in the industry at present and due to the increased competition that has developed but they still have not taken away iTunes dominance, new firms who come into the market must be aware that the only way they are going to be successful is if they are innovative. Also to prevent new entrants into the market iTunes has the power to set a price for its downloads at whatever it sees fit due to how successful and respect the Apple brand is, this price may be lower than what new firms into the market may be able to afford whi ch would prevent them from competing in the market. Next is the bargaining power of Apple iTunes suppliers this will look at the relationships developed between the record labels and how these relationships have changed over time. iTunes suppliers are the record labels such as such as Universal, Sony, Warner Music and EMI, in 2009 they believed that they could make more money out of the industry by making iTunes charge more for the tracks which they sell in there iTunes store. Apple were made to charge 99p for their highest price track, the music labels insisted that it would be in Apples interest for future development of the industry as it would mean more revenue to be available to promote new artists and prevent piracy. Apple iTunes caved in to pressure from the record companies and introduced variable pricing yesterday, raising the top price for a song to 99p. (Ahmed 2009) Originally before the record industry decided to offer DRM free tracks, iTunes were the only business in th e market and they had complete control over the record labels and could charge the prices they wanted. But now due to the increased competition the record labels want to create iTunes now have to listen to their suppliers more, and sometimes take on board what they recommend even if they dont believe it will have a positive impact on their business. Thirdly is the bargaining power of the buyers these are customers who use the Apple iTunes service this will look at what power the customers have over iTunes. iTunes is the largest service online which offers users the ability to download digital music, but customers within the UK are extremely price sensitive especially in this current economic climate where currently the UK is in recession (BBC Business News 2009) When services such as Amazon are offering users the chance to download identical digital music tracks which are DRM free for 29p compared to iTunes 99p consumers may call to use Amazons service rather than iTunes. Amazon, t he online retailer, cut the price of many of its top-selling music downloads on Monday to 29p as it competes for a larger share of the digital music market. (Ahmed 2009)The next force which the model looks at is the threat of substitutes within the market, the market is full of competitors but the majority are very similar to the service which iTunes offers its customers. The threat of substitutes though is great, due to the industry which iTunes operates within. Technology is ever developing, if a new firm was to enter the market and adapt new technology which no other firm had looked at, they would be an innovative service which may be looked upon by consumers as something different and one which they may want to try and use on a regular basis. It is vitally important that Apple iTunes continues to innovate by introducing new ideas and features to its products so that they continue to be the market leaders. As with Amazon in the Ahmed 2009 article, iTunes were persuaded to increas e their prices even though Amazon who are trying to gain a foothold into the market continued to have their prices 70p cheaper per track, which could lead Amazon becoming a substitute to the service which iTunes offers. (Ahmed 2009)Finally the inter rivalry of competitors this looks at various factors such as competitive edge, price wars and the market growth rate etc. The digital music market is highly competitive the market is growing very rapidly. The main aspect of the market is that every business within the market are selling the same digital music to which iTunes are offering all at different prices, this is due the record labels introducing DRM free tracks to create competition for iTunes within the music download market. iTunes are not the cheapest within the market place but have been able to develop a brand render which has led them to major success, they are the market leaders and continue to innovate new successful products. 6. SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is a oecumeni cal management tool, which consists of four main factors. Two of which are internal factors which look at the micro environment they are the strengths and weaknesses of Apple iTunes. Whilst the other two factors are external to the business looking at the macro environment they are the opportunities and threats of the industry Apple iTunes operates within and are unable to change.Strength is something that iTunes has or something that it carries out, that is advantageously better than its competitors. iTunes is a service which is owned and run by Apple they are a very successful company who have developed many different products such as computers and in more recent years the leading portable media player the iPod. (Apple 2010) The strength of their brand image and its loyal band of customers has meant that iTunes has been able to build on the success of previous products to ensure that Apple iTunes is a success. Relationships were created with the leading record labels early on in the development of iTunes so that they could become the industry leaders in the market by 2008 they had 80% of the market. (Lynch 2009) The strengths of iTunes are that it is a service offered by a business which has already had major success in the market place with the leading digital music player the iPod, users who have an iPod automatically use iTunes to put music onto their player which has meant they have been massively successful.Weaknesses are parts of iTunes that are worse than the competition within the market or aspects of iTunes which they could improve upon. iTunes have been forced by record labels to make the cost of using their service higher(prenominal) than many of its competitors iTunes highest price for the latest music in the charts is 99p where as the main competitor which is Amazon has their highest track at 79p. Amazon is already in second place in terms of market share for digital music, although it started its service only 18 months ago. (Ahmed 2009) In rec ent times it is believed that Apple are worried that they may be close to market saturation in the future due to not seeing any increase in the sales of their digital music player the iPod which is the hardware which is directly linked to iTunes. Traders were worried by news that iPod sales were no higher than in the previous year. It is vitally important that Apple continue to innovate new products to continue the dominance of Apple iTunes. (Clark 2008)Opportunities are developments in the external environment which iTunes could look to adapt into their business to improve the service which they offer to their customers. Technology is ever developing and Apple iTunes continually need to be aware of the developments so they are early adopters and can implement the changes into the services they offer their customers. Recently iTunes has developed new features such as television episodes, video and applications which have been added to the iTunes service. But the next opportunity whi ch they could look to adopt is the potential to read books, magazines and newspapers on say for example the latest iPod. Apple is believed to be looking into this, following the market leaders Sony into this market. There are electronic reading devices in existence already, such as Sonys e-Reader and Amazons Kindle. But, publishers hope the unquestioned design talents of Apple will ensure that its latest product is the vehicle that enables them to transform their business models. After all, the iPod has converted millions to the idea of paying to download songs and, to a degree, has revived the music industry, becoming the worlds largest music retailer in the process. (Burrell 2010)Threats are something that is going on in Apple iTunes external environment which is likely to cause them potential future problems. Apple iTunes have been hit by the increasing problem of illegal downloading, which had the effect of devaluing the music for an entire generation of youth. It is estimated t hat over 95% of all music downloaded is done via illegal methods, which means the music industry and services such as iTunes lose out on the revenue gained by these potential extra sales. Despite loaded growth in digital music sales, the industry body for world music estimated that more than 95% of downloaded music was not paid for. (Mostrous 2010)7. Future conquest for Apple iTunesThere are many factors involved when discussing if there is potential for future success for Apple iTunes, the report above has look at the industry/market which Apple iTunes operate within and then used that analysis to look at both the micro and macro environment using various models to analyse the prospect of future success for Apple iTunes. There are many factors involved when discussing if there is potential for future success for Apple iTunes, in January 2009 the BPI predicted that the UK spend over 600 million on digital music in 2012. (Mintel 2009) This should allow Apple iTunes to see that ther e is still some potential growth within the market even though Apple are worried that they may be close to saturation within the market, due to the sales of the iPod not increasing from 2008 to 2009. Continually there seems to be growth within the industry from 2004-2009 at a massive rate of 340%, (Appendix 2) this rate increase over that period is not going to be sustainable into the future in the current market place due the increased competition and the increased level of illegal downloading activity. iTunes should be aware of this, but if there are more and more successful artists being introduced into the industry there is still potential for more growth in the market for Apple iTunes.DRM free tracks introduced into the market in 2007 meant that Apple had gone from being the only major player in the market, to an industry which now has hundreds of competitors. This meant consumers had much more choice of where they should purchase there digital music from. The record companies realised that Apple had gained dominance of the music on-line delivery i

Different Forms Of People Management Commerce Essay

Different Forms Of People Management Commerce EssayAt the end of the nineteenth century many workers were employed in the manufacturing sectors, where they had to put in long hours and conditions were often harsh. The welfare state did not exist and no work could mean destitution. However, even in such unenlightened times some employers did value their workers and took on a paternalist role for their employees. Such famous label as Cadbury, Rowntree and Bournville, all chocolate manufacturers, and Lever, a soap manufacturer, all took their employees welfare actually seriously and established the provision of health and education as break up of their role as a responsible employer. These enlightened employers tended to be Quakers and were some of the first employers to employ welfare officers. The welfare officers were often women and were concerned not only(prenominal) with visiting sick employees but also with supervising moral welfare. We will take an overview of the state of d ebate.THE STATE OF DEBATEThe question of whether human resource solicitude has the capacity to transform or replace deeply rooted models of personnel management and industrial relations, or could become fully worked-through theory of management, is one that cannot be resolvented in a simple manner. Human resource management has many cogent critics and many sceptical supporters. Initial criticism which claimed that it was old wine impertinently bottles ,the restatement perspective outlined earlier in this chapter, still has well adherents (Keenoy and Anthony, 1993). Others see it as a version of the emperors new clothes (Legge, 1989) or a wolf sheeps clothing (Armstrong, 1987)The 1990s stool seen a growing sophistication in the nature of the debate involving HRM. One very strong characteristic is the desire on the part of a number of commentators to explore the consequences of implementing HRM techniques for arrangements. Thus the nature of the argument now strongly incorporate s the concept of HRM outcomes rather than relying mostly on descriptions of styles or types of HRM philosophies. Part of this development has been promoted by the realisation that traditional sources of competitive advantage, such as technological supremacy, patents, capital and so forth, are very much less important than they were in a world in which many countries can display equal advantage in at least some of these critical aspects (Pfeffer, 1994). Thus the extent to which an organization can mobilise is internal human resources may hold the key to achievable advantage in the future (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990). The general managerial epithet that people are our greatest asset is a tried clich what distinguishes the most recent work is its focus on the recourse based model of HRM and the particular mix ofskills and attributes that can be developed and applied to economic performance. Thus Huselid (1995) has argued that high performance work practices have an economically and sta tically significant electrical shock on such employee outcomes as turnover and productivity and both short- and long-term measures of corporate financial performance.In my opinion is, the enormousness of HRM as rhetoric that speaks to the concerns of a wide range of stakeholder groups-personnel and line managers, government and academics-should not be underestimated. We will take an overview of the chances in external environmental factors and HR practices and strategies.CHANGE-MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVESThese are required if organizations are to be effective in developing an innovative and fast moving organisation that keep up with the fast ill-use of development in a modern society. Organizations privation to be adaptable and flexible, which means that policies and objectives need to be place to manage convert. Many of the IT industrys need to be adaptable and fast changing to keep up with changes in modern engineering science. For caseful, Apple Computers market share was in gl oam referable(p) to monopoly of the Microsoft windows operating system, but it has reinvented itself with the iPod, and is now leading the way in music technology. Without change management objectives Apple would have found it much harder to respond to rapid changes. For this reason the recruitment, selection and development strategies all need to feed into the change management objectives.Policy formulation and management of changeThis means using HR form _or_ system of government to depict and manage change in a line of products environment. This extends from Harward model, which has not identified change effectively to jibe competitiveness. Apple Computers managed to develop the iPod and infer competitive advantage by having policies for managing innovation and change.Nevertheless, these assumptions inform the practices and policies of management, and hence define the organizational and conceptual space that HRM fills and generate the multiple meanings of which HRM is con structed. We shall examine some of them in greater detail shortly.Competing interpretations of organisations and managementWhen we stand back from the concrete world of managing to that of theories about organizations and management, we find that not only have very different interpretations been make overtime, but there exist simultaneously several strongly competing interpretations. Again, we can only skim over this material, but u can pursue the issues by reading, for example, Child (1969), who traces the development of management trough in Britain or Morgan (1986), who examines in a very accessible way eight different metaphors or ways that theorists as well as others have construed organisations.Brunsson (1989) throws a different light on the nature and goals of organising, based on his research in Scandinavian municipal administrations. He suggest that the outputs of these kinds of organizations are talk, decision and physical products. He proposes two ideal types of organizat ion that depends on action for its legitimacy. Talk and decisions in the action organization lead to actions, whereas the outputs of the political organization are talk and decisions that may not lead to action.Having now examined some of the choices managers make to deal with the tensions in spite of appearance organizations and some of the competing interpretations offered by theorist of those tensions and choices, we need to stepback even further to become aware of the ways of thinking and of seeing that inform their assumptions. First, however, we shall examine the next layer of the context of HRM.THE place setting OF HUMAN RECOURCE MANAGEMENTHuman resource management cannot take place in isolation from the internal organization or the external environment where the political, economic, societal, technological and international context can have an stupor on how the organization operates and how HRM is managed within that context. The context (the external and internal environ ment within which HR operates) within which HR takes place will impact on organizational polices and have implications for the functions of HR. this has been highlighted earlier in the example of the Beardmore conference Hotel, whose flexible benefits reflected the local society and conclusion as well as the economic environment, where managers recognised the need to attract and retain staff at that time.Context has many layers, which build up to impact on how the organization does business.THE ORGANIZATIONAL conditionTo operate successfully the organization needs to ask itself the following questions. What business are we in? How can we conduct out our business to be as effective as possible and to work out stakeholders(identifiable clusters of people who have an economic and/or social come to in the performance of an organization) needs? The organizational context is also influenced by external context it interacts with its environment and this in turn impacts on HR. for this reason, HR practices need to be designed to reflect the organizational context. However, in a fast-changing working environment this is often difficult to achieve new technologies are developed, governments and attitudes change policy will, in turn, inform practice but needs to be flexible enough to respond to the influences of the external environment. For example, changes in practise, which in theory has meant a lessening in working hours for some workers.The approaches adopted by managers to resolve the tensions in organizationsThe existence of several stakeholders in the employment relationshipTheir differing perspectives upon events, experiences and relationshipsTheir differing aims, interest and needsThe interplay amidst formal organization and individual potential.These tensions have to be resolved through the process of management, or rather, continuously resolved, for these tensions are inherent in organizations.THE EXTERNAL CONTEXTThe external environment influences the external context of the organization. An organization would not be effective if it ignored the external context of politics, economics, society and technology. In London and the southeastward of England, there is a shortage of key workers, such as nurses and teachers, and many workers have been employed from abroad to fill the vacancies. For organizations, this means a review of policies to ensure that new workers needs are considered. On a practical side, new aspect of training may have to be delivered to meet language needs. To do this an organization needs to operate as an open system (system influenced by the external environment and inputs, making it complex and difficult to control), which can change to meet the needs of its external environment.The political contextThe political context not only refers to the type of government in power at the time, but also, whether the terra firma is democratic or not. In UK the political context changes depending on which political part y is in power. In the past, the conservative government has tended to favour the employer over the employee an example of this was the removal of the minimum wage. Traditional labour governments have focused on the employee and have had close links with the unions. With new labour the lines have become more or less blurred although they have reintroduced the minimum wage, they have also formed close links with industry by encouraging public/private partnerships. With every change of government the HR practitioner needs to identify the impact on the organisation and the HR department.The economic contextThe economic context refers to health of the nation. If business is booming and unemployment is low, it may be harder to find and retain staff. In times of economic decline, unemployment increases and greater choice of labour is available to the employer. However economic decline may also mean that your organisation has to downsize and HR department will than face the dilemma of deal ing with redundancies. An organization may also need to answer to shareholders, who expect to see a healthy return on their investment. For the HR professional this could mean developing operations overseas where labour is cheaper, such as prudential moving its call centres to India. It may also mean outsourcing some or all of the functions of HR, as the organization pursues its competitive advantage. An example of outsourcing is discussed in the technology transformation box.The social contextthe social context refers to the culture, politics ,leadership and management style that influence the organization. An HR manager must be able to identify the culture within which the organization operates. This means he or she needs to recognise and image the values the organization is trying to promote. However, they also need to understand the culture and society from which their employees are recruited.An HR manager should not underestimate the importance of the social context of busines s as, in many instances. Businesses have foundered due to a lack of understanding of the culture. Examples are Euro Disney Paris, whose lack of understanding of European culture and its failure to embrace all things American had a serious impact on business. Or, Wal-Mart in Argentina, which failed to understand how the argentines liked to shop, and could not understand why business was not booming in its bright and shiny new supermarkets.CONCLUSIONSHR goes in to decline-outsourcing and downsizing has removed the HR specialist from organisations and placed the HR role with the overworked line manager. The HR function will be closely interconnected in to the vision and strategy of the organization and it will continue as it has done in the past, due to the limitations of labour markets, unions, legislation, etc. this implies that it stands still and does not develop. some(prenominal) the view of HR and how it develops in the future, it is important to understand where it has come fro m and what has influenced it.

Bob Hope: Hollywoods Brightest Star :: Essays Papers

bobsleigh Hope Hollywoods Brightest Star This PBS documentary of go after Hope as an entertainer was well done. It looks at Bobs contributions as an actor, comedian, dancer and humanitarian. The films footage, from the early 1900s to present, is revealing to the eras of Bob Hopes career. It takes you through Bobs career in vaudeville, Broadway, radio, movies, television and live performances. As narrator Les Brown Jr. states Bob Hope is an American icon and the only entertainer to be 1 in all facets of the entertainment field. This documentary is proof that this statement is true.The narrator starts off with a biography of Bob Hope, while showing scenes of the early 1900s. Bob was born in 1903 in England, who migrated to the linked States with his parents and six brothers in 1907 and settled in Cleveland, Ohio. By age six, Bob was already doing impersonations of Charlie Chaplin. Bob took dancing lessons from a vaudeville entertainer named John Root and was currently ente ring talent contests all over town.At age eighteen, Bob had started a dance act with his girl friend Millie Rosequest, but it did not detain long. Bob soon teamed up with another dancer named George Burd. They took their act to New York and worked at a lot of vaudeville show houses. It was at one of these places where Bob was asked to do the announcing in between acts. Bobs comedic talent and acts took hold and lead to the beginning of his solo career. In less than five years Bob had become the to the highest degree sought after talent and the 1 hit in the vaudeville circuit.Bobs success in vaudeville caught the eye of many Broadway producers. He was soon write to do a Broadway show called Roberta. This lead to many more offers and to Bob doing a year tour with the Ziegfield Follies. Bob was now considered to be the hottest act virtually and was being recruited by radio stations and movie studios. In 1937, Bob signed a twenty-six week contract with NBC radio to do the W oodbury goop Show. Since Bob was such a big hit NBC gave him his own radio show, The Bob Hope Show. Bob would do a monologue to start the show, then bring out other actors and perform skits.

Death Of A Salesman Annotated Bibliography :: Miller Death Salesman

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman reflects the numerous issues post-war United States was dealing with during the late 1940s when it was written. Death of a Salesman was written and published in 1949, when the United States was booming with impudent economic capabilities and radical found power, resulting in a golden age regardless of the growing tensions of the threat of communist invasion. Racial violence and the escalating issues regarding the deluded American moon that was turning go forth to be quite different than that which our founding fathers had originally idealized. During the time Death of a Salesman was created, Post-War United States was undergoing a metamorphosis into a new era of prosperity, communist paranoia, and social/philosophical change. World War II had left the United States into an economic nightmare, but its resilient nature allowed a precipitate return to glory. The United States entered the late 1940s as the strongest, most stable and powerful economy in the world (Wikipedia). Trade surplus and booming businesss engulfed the country as the country initiated into a new period of economic miracle. The deciding factors in this were the record breaking trade surpluses and the raising real income and investments into foreign business. Rising productiveness and lowering unemployment allowed the nation to conjure a time where confidence in business and government reigned supreme. in business and government grew greatly, as large industrial corporations accounted for vast portions of the national income. Nevertheless, the Yalta conference did make USSR the second leading superpower after Nazi Germanys fall in 1945 (The American Pageant). The Communist machine direct a monstrous influence to countless countries and possible allies to the democratic United States. Such neighboring nations to the staggeringly huge Soviet led nation succumbed quickly to its humungous size and sheer military strength. The result of this was a terrifying internal attack on the United States by alleged communist enthusiasts. light-emitting diode by the brainwashed and borderline insane Joseph McCarthy, the Red Scare during the 1950s led to a new concept of warfare dictated by the drawn out Cold War (Wikipeida).